Análise geográfica da ocorrência da leptospirose em humanos e em cães na cidade de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
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Data
2010-11-24
Autores
Fonzar, Udelysses Janete Veltrini [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A leptospirose é uma importante zoonose que tem como hospedeiros primários os animais silvestres, sinantrópicos e domésticos. Os seres humanos comportam-se como hospedeiros terminais e acidentais. A sua distribuição é mundial, no entanto, na América Latina, África e Ásia, as prevalências são maiores devido às condições ambientais de ordem físico-química, bem como sócio-econômico-cultural, que favorecem a persistência e a disseminação da infecção. A distribuição geográfica da leptospirose está fortemente relacionada à questão ambiental e ao processo de urbanização das cidades. A prevalência deste agravo depende do animal portador que dissemina leptospiras, da sua sobrevivência ambiental e do contato de pessoas susceptíveis. Vários animais infectados podem ser hospedeiros ou reservatórios, e cada sorovar tem um ou mais hospedeiros com diferentes níveis de adaptação. A permanência de focos de leptospirose se deve aos animais infectados, doentes e assintomáticos, considerados como fontes permanentes de contaminação ambiental. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar áreas de risco e possíveis componentes ecológicos da infecção leptospírica em cães errantes e pacientes com diagnóstico de leptospirose, entre os anos de 2006 e 2008, no municípío de Maringá-PR. Foram estudados 335 cães errantes e 25 pacientes. Amostras de soro, tanto dos animais como dos pacientes, foram examinadas pela prova de soroaglutinação microscópica-SAM, para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-leptospíricos. Para determinar as áreas de risco e a distribuição espacial da doença, foram elaborados mapas temáticos e avaliados os indicadores ambientais e sociais por setores do perímetro urbano. Foram observados 41(12,2%) cães positivos para um ou mais sorovares de leptospiras, e os mais freqüentes foram: Pyrogenes (43,9%), Canícola (21,9%) e Copennhageni (19,5%)...
Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis which has as primary hosts savage, synantropic and domestic animals. Human beings behave as terminal and accidental hosts. Its distribution is worldwide, notwithstanding, in Latin America, Africa and Asia the prevalence is higher due to the environmental conditions either of physical-chemical or social-economical-cultural order, which favor persistence and dissemination of the infection. The geographic distribution of leptospirosis is strongly related to the environmental question and the process of the cities urbanization. This prevalence depends on the animal carrier which disseminates the leptospirosis, its environmental survival and the contact with susceptible host. Many infected animals may be a host or a reservoir and each serovar has one or more different hosts or reservoirs with diverse levels of adaptation. The persistence of the leptospirosis focus is due to the infected animals, sick or non-syntomatic, that are considered as sources of permanent environmental infection. The aim of this work was to determine the risky areas and the possible ecologic components of the leptospirosis infection in wandering dogs and patients with leptospirosis diagnosis between the years of 2006 to 2008 in Maringá city, Paraná state. 335 wandering dogs and 25 patients were studied. Either animal or patients serum samples were examined by the microscopic serum agglutination – MAT for search of the anti-leptospira antibodies. To determine the risky areas and the special distribution of the disease thematic maps were elaborated and the environmental and social indicators were evaluated by the urban perimeter sectors. In the study, 41 (12,2%) positive dogs were observed, with for one or more leptospirosis serovars and the most common were: Pyrogenes (43,9%), Canícola (21,9%) and Copennhageni (19,5%). For humans the positiveness was of 2 (8%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis which has as primary hosts savage, synantropic and domestic animals. Human beings behave as terminal and accidental hosts. Its distribution is worldwide, notwithstanding, in Latin America, Africa and Asia the prevalence is higher due to the environmental conditions either of physical-chemical or social-economical-cultural order, which favor persistence and dissemination of the infection. The geographic distribution of leptospirosis is strongly related to the environmental question and the process of the cities urbanization. This prevalence depends on the animal carrier which disseminates the leptospirosis, its environmental survival and the contact with susceptible host. Many infected animals may be a host or a reservoir and each serovar has one or more different hosts or reservoirs with diverse levels of adaptation. The persistence of the leptospirosis focus is due to the infected animals, sick or non-syntomatic, that are considered as sources of permanent environmental infection. The aim of this work was to determine the risky areas and the possible ecologic components of the leptospirosis infection in wandering dogs and patients with leptospirosis diagnosis between the years of 2006 to 2008 in Maringá city, Paraná state. 335 wandering dogs and 25 patients were studied. Either animal or patients serum samples were examined by the microscopic serum agglutination – MAT for search of the anti-leptospira antibodies. To determine the risky areas and the special distribution of the disease thematic maps were elaborated and the environmental and social indicators were evaluated by the urban perimeter sectors. In the study, 41 (12,2%) positive dogs were observed, with for one or more leptospirosis serovars and the most common were: Pyrogenes (43,9%), Canícola (21,9%) and Copennhageni (19,5%). For humans the positiveness was of 2 (8%)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Leptospirose, Cão, Maringa (PR), Risky areas
Como citar
FONZAR, Udelysses Janete Veltrini. Análise geográfica da ocorrência da leptospirose em humanos e em cães na cidade de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. 2010. 91 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2010.