Avaliação da freqüência cardíaca nas atividades de colheita de Eucalipto, utilizando a motosserra, como fator para a determinação de pausas adequadas
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Data
2003-11-21
Autores
Kahil, Maria Aparecida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A atividade florestal no Brasil se desenvolveu muito nos últimos anos, principalmente por possuir características naturais e apresentar uma alta produtividade, bem como qualidade em suas florestas. Embora o setor florestal esteja em sua maioria mecanizada, o sistema tradicional ainda é muito utilizado para a atividade de derrubada, principalmente em áreas de reflorestamento, na qual a ferramenta de trabalho em evidência é a motosserra, equipamento esse que tem um peso variável de 7 a 10 kg e deve ser transportada pelo trabalhador por um período de 8 horas / dia. Durante operações com motosserra, o operário, além das habilidades sensório-motoras, o conhecimento da máquina e sua manutenção, fica exposto a posições diferentes do seu estado natural de equilíbrio corporal. Isto implica esforços localizados e deformações na estrutura óssea como um todo. O desgaste físico acarreta o cansaço, a fadiga e o estresse, que são responsáveis pela ruptura entre o estímulo (percepção - input) e a ação 2 (produção - output) momento esse em que ocorrem erros na tomada de decisão, os quais representam altos índices de acidentes (fatais ou parciais) já observados na exploração florestal. Os fatores envolvidos no processo acima descrito podem ser detectados, através dos indicadores fisiológicos. O propósito deste trabalho constituiu nos estudos ergonômicos relativos à carga e o desgaste do operador de motosserra, durante a sua jornada de trabalho, através de indicadores fisiológicos, como a freqüência cardíaca, nas fases anterior, posterior e durante suas atividades, em situação real de campo e simulação em laboratório, onde foram realizados testes ergométricos, para diagnosticar sua capacidade física, resultantes do comportamento da freqüência cardíaca durante aplicações de cargas progressivas, no ergômetro de braço... .
Forestry in Brazil has developed a great deal in recent years, principally because of natural characteristics, and presenting high productivity, as well high quality of its forests. Although this sector is highly mechanized, the traditional system is still applied, principally in bringing down the trees, especially in the reforestation projects, wherein the most important tool in evidence is the manual chain saw, which weighs 7 to 10 kilograms, and must be carried about and used by the operator for some 8 hr/day. During the operations with chain saws, the worker, apart from his motor sensitive abilities, familiarity and knowledge of his machine and its maintenance, becomes exposed to positions differing from his natural state of body equilibrium. This implies in localized efforts and deformation of bone structure in general. The physical efforts cause tiredness, fatigue, and stress, which are responsible for the rupture between the stimulant (perception- input) and the action (production-output), the moment when there may occur errors in decision making, which represent the high index of accidents (more serious or less so) already observed in forest exploration activities. 4 Physiological indicators can detect the factors involved in the process described above. The purpose of this work required the ergonomic studies relating to the work load and the physical wear of the operator, during his work hour load, by physiological indicators, such as cardiac frequency, before, during, and at the end of the period of activity, in field conditions, and in simulated laboratory conditions, when ergometric tests were made, to diagnose his physical capacity, by observing the cardiac frequencies with progressive loads, by the ergometric measurement of the arm movements. During the principal operations with the chain saw or with the axe, which are the effective activities, the results obtained are based on the values of the averages of cardiac frequencies.
Forestry in Brazil has developed a great deal in recent years, principally because of natural characteristics, and presenting high productivity, as well high quality of its forests. Although this sector is highly mechanized, the traditional system is still applied, principally in bringing down the trees, especially in the reforestation projects, wherein the most important tool in evidence is the manual chain saw, which weighs 7 to 10 kilograms, and must be carried about and used by the operator for some 8 hr/day. During the operations with chain saws, the worker, apart from his motor sensitive abilities, familiarity and knowledge of his machine and its maintenance, becomes exposed to positions differing from his natural state of body equilibrium. This implies in localized efforts and deformation of bone structure in general. The physical efforts cause tiredness, fatigue, and stress, which are responsible for the rupture between the stimulant (perception- input) and the action (production-output), the moment when there may occur errors in decision making, which represent the high index of accidents (more serious or less so) already observed in forest exploration activities. 4 Physiological indicators can detect the factors involved in the process described above. The purpose of this work required the ergonomic studies relating to the work load and the physical wear of the operator, during his work hour load, by physiological indicators, such as cardiac frequency, before, during, and at the end of the period of activity, in field conditions, and in simulated laboratory conditions, when ergometric tests were made, to diagnose his physical capacity, by observing the cardiac frequencies with progressive loads, by the ergometric measurement of the arm movements. During the principal operations with the chain saw or with the axe, which are the effective activities, the results obtained are based on the values of the averages of cardiac frequencies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ergonomia, Segurança do trabalho, Trabalho - Aspectos fisiologicos, Eucalipto - Colheita, Derrubadas, Eucalyptus, Ergomimics
Como citar
KAHIL, Maria Aparecida. Avaliação da freqüência cardíaca nas atividades de colheita de Eucalipto, utilizando a motosserra, como fator para a determinação de pausas adequadas. 2003. xiv, 81 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2003.