Compactação do solo causada pelo tráfego de máquinas na colheita de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2003-05-23
Autores
Silva, Jair Rosas da [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram avaliados os efeitos causados ao solo pelo tráfego de máquinas florestais de corte e baldeio de madeira, com ênfase à compactação, em floresta de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, de 91 meses de idade, através do comportamento de parâmetros físicos e mecânicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, com 480 g.kg-1 de areia total e 430 g.kg-1 de argila. Os tratamentos avaliados foram o trânsito anterior ao experimento, a fase de corte e processamento de madeira, efetuada por colhedora (harvester) sobre esteiras e a fase de extração, por trator transportador autocarregável (forwarder) com rodado de pneus, considerando-se as condições de presença ou ausência de cobertura de galhada. Os parâmetros físicos empregados na avaliação foram: densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, água disponível no solo, taxa de infiltração de água, temperatura do solo e estabilidade de agregados a seco. Os parâmetros mecânicos avaliados foram resistência do solo à penetração e ao cisalhamento, densidade máxima do solo, teor de água crítico para compactação e grau de compactação. Também foram avaliadas a área de contato rodado-solo e a pressão de rodados sobre o solo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo os resultados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância pelo Statistical Analysis System (SAS), com aplicação do teste Tukey a 5% e 10% de significância. Comparativamente, a densidade do solo, a resistência mecânica ao cisalhamento e a pressão de rodados sobre o solo foram maiores após o tráfego do trator transportador em relação ao conferido pela colhedora de madeira. Os parâmetros porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, água disponível e estabilidade de agregados a seco foram maiores na fase de corte de madeira do que na fase de baldeio...
A study of soil compaction was carried out on a Red-Yellow Latosol with 43% of clay and 48% of sand, according to some soil physical and mechanical parameters in a harvester of a 91-month-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden forest. The aim was to evaluate the influence caused by the traffic of a 100 kWa-tracked harvester followed by a 190 kWa-wheeled-forwarder, over and without slash, in comparison to the soil conditions before the harvesting operations. The physical parameters used were soil dry bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and infiltration rate, temperature and soil mean aggregate sizes. The mechanical parameters were soil penetrometer resistance, shear strength, Proctor test and machine ground pressure. A randomized-block trial with 15 replicates was used, applying Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and Tukey test at 5% and 10% significance levels. Results showed that wheeled-forwarder increased soil dry bulk density, soil shear strength and soil machine pressure in relation to the tracked-harvester. Thus, the parameters total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and soil mean aggregate sizes were higher on harvesting than on wood hauling. The wheeled-forwarder operating without slash produced a higher soil dry bulk density, temperature and soil compaction degree. Also, this work condition decreased total porosity and air-filled porosity in relation to the same operation accomplished over slash. Micro porosity, water availability, soil infiltration rate, soil penetrometer resistance and the maximum soil dry bulk density were not affected by both machines working on both slash conditions. All the soil mechanized operations evaluated were rated higher than 2 MPa on soil penetrometer resistance parameter, looked like a soil limit to allow the root growing... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
A study of soil compaction was carried out on a Red-Yellow Latosol with 43% of clay and 48% of sand, according to some soil physical and mechanical parameters in a harvester of a 91-month-old Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden forest. The aim was to evaluate the influence caused by the traffic of a 100 kWa-tracked harvester followed by a 190 kWa-wheeled-forwarder, over and without slash, in comparison to the soil conditions before the harvesting operations. The physical parameters used were soil dry bulk density, total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and infiltration rate, temperature and soil mean aggregate sizes. The mechanical parameters were soil penetrometer resistance, shear strength, Proctor test and machine ground pressure. A randomized-block trial with 15 replicates was used, applying Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and Tukey test at 5% and 10% significance levels. Results showed that wheeled-forwarder increased soil dry bulk density, soil shear strength and soil machine pressure in relation to the tracked-harvester. Thus, the parameters total porosity, air-filled porosity, micro porosity, soil water availability and soil mean aggregate sizes were higher on harvesting than on wood hauling. The wheeled-forwarder operating without slash produced a higher soil dry bulk density, temperature and soil compaction degree. Also, this work condition decreased total porosity and air-filled porosity in relation to the same operation accomplished over slash. Micro porosity, water availability, soil infiltration rate, soil penetrometer resistance and the maximum soil dry bulk density were not affected by both machines working on both slash conditions. All the soil mechanized operations evaluated were rated higher than 2 MPa on soil penetrometer resistance parameter, looked like a soil limit to allow the root growing... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Compactação, Madeira - Exploração, Fisica do solo, Maquinas florestais, Soil compaction, Forest machines, Wood harvesting, Ground pressure, Soil physical properties, Soil mechanical properties
Como citar
SILVA, Jair Rosas da. Compactação do solo causada pelo tráfego de máquinas na colheita de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. 2003. xv, 138 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.