Predição in vitro da atividade tóxica de isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner e efeito sinergístico no controle de larvas de Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)
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Data
2009-02-26
Autores
Costa, Juliana Regina Vieira da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), principal vetor da dengue no Brasil, tem sido combatido com o uso maciço de produtos químicos, contribuindo com o desenvolvimento de resistência e inviabilizando o controle do inseto. Bioinseticidas à base de Bacillus thuringiensis vêm apresentando resultados satisfatórios no controle de dípteros, devido à produção de proteínas bioinseticidas denominadas Cry (cristal), Cyt (citolíticas) e Chi (quitinase) e os efeitos sinergísticos existentes entre elas. O presente trabalho objetivou a seleção de isolados de B. thuringiensis, portadores de genes cry, cyt e chi com alta eficiência no controle de A. aegypti. Uma coleção de 1073 isolados de B. thuringiensis, provenientes de diversas regiões brasileiras, foi submetida à Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), com base nos iniciadores específicos para os genes cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry10Aa, cry11Aa, cry11Ba, cyt1Aa, cyt1Ab, cyt2Aa e chi. Os isolados dípteros-específico foram avaliados quanto à estruturação genética e através de bioensaios seletivos e quantitativos, para determinação da CL50 e CL90. Apenas 45 (4,19%) apresentaram amplificação para os genes cry e cyt e destes, 25 (54,34%) eram quitinolíticos. Foram definidos 21 haplótipos entre os 45 isolados de B. thuringiensis, os quais foram submetidos aos bioensaios seletivos, indicando 13 isolados que causaram 100% de mortalidade às larvas de A. aegypti. Os bioensaios quantitativos e análise de agrupamento permitiram selecionar quatro isolados altamente tóxicos às larvas de A. aegypti. A identificação dos genes cry, cyt e chi de B. thuringiensis e análise dos efeitos sinergísticos entre as toxinas, associadas à análise da toxicidade a insetos vetores permitiram a seleção de isolados que poderão ser utilizados em formulações de novos bioinseticidas brasileiros, podendo contornar possíveis problemas de resistência.
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the main vector of dengue fever in Brazil, has been controlled with massive use of chemical products wich, contributed to the development of resistance decreasing the insect control efficacy. Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis is currently presenting satisfactory results on controlling dipterans, due to the production of Cry proteins (crystal proteins), Cyt (citolitic) and Chi (chitinase) with synergistic effects between them. The present work aimed to select B. thuringiensis isolates with cry, cyt and chi genes exhibiting high efficiency on A. aegypti larvae. A bacterial collection containing 1073 isolates of B. thuringiensis, obtained from different Brazilian locations, had their DNA isolated and submitted to PCR amplifications using specific primers for the genes cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry10Aa, cry11Aa, cry11Ba, cyt1Aa, cyt1Ab, cyt2Aa e chi. The dipterans-especific isolates were then evaluated for the genetic structure and through selective and latter to quantitative bioassays for the determination of LC50 and LC90. Forty five out of 1073 isolates (4.19%) presented amplicons for the cry and cyt genes and from these 25 (54.34%) were detected as chitinolitic. Twenty one haplotypes were identified among the 45 isolates of B. thuringiensis, which were submitted to the selective bioassays, indicating 13 isolates that caused 100% mortality of A. aegypti larvae. The quantitative bioassays and the statistical analysis have pointed four toxic isolates to A. aegypti larvae. The identification of the cry, cyt and chi genes of B. thuringiensis and the analysis of the synergistic effects among the toxins, along with the toxicity analysis towards the vector insects allowed the selection of a set of isolates that can be used for the formulation of new bioinsecticides from Brazilian origin, that would avoid or at least delay the appearance of resistance problems.
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), the main vector of dengue fever in Brazil, has been controlled with massive use of chemical products wich, contributed to the development of resistance decreasing the insect control efficacy. Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis is currently presenting satisfactory results on controlling dipterans, due to the production of Cry proteins (crystal proteins), Cyt (citolitic) and Chi (chitinase) with synergistic effects between them. The present work aimed to select B. thuringiensis isolates with cry, cyt and chi genes exhibiting high efficiency on A. aegypti larvae. A bacterial collection containing 1073 isolates of B. thuringiensis, obtained from different Brazilian locations, had their DNA isolated and submitted to PCR amplifications using specific primers for the genes cry4Aa, cry4Ba, cry10Aa, cry11Aa, cry11Ba, cyt1Aa, cyt1Ab, cyt2Aa e chi. The dipterans-especific isolates were then evaluated for the genetic structure and through selective and latter to quantitative bioassays for the determination of LC50 and LC90. Forty five out of 1073 isolates (4.19%) presented amplicons for the cry and cyt genes and from these 25 (54.34%) were detected as chitinolitic. Twenty one haplotypes were identified among the 45 isolates of B. thuringiensis, which were submitted to the selective bioassays, indicating 13 isolates that caused 100% mortality of A. aegypti larvae. The quantitative bioassays and the statistical analysis have pointed four toxic isolates to A. aegypti larvae. The identification of the cry, cyt and chi genes of B. thuringiensis and the analysis of the synergistic effects among the toxins, along with the toxicity analysis towards the vector insects allowed the selection of a set of isolates that can be used for the formulation of new bioinsecticides from Brazilian origin, that would avoid or at least delay the appearance of resistance problems.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biological control, Cyt, Cry, Dengue fever, Chitinase, Sistemas de controle biologico, Dengue, Bacillus thuringiensis, Quitinase, Proteína cristal
Como citar
COSTA, Juliana Regina Vieira da. Predição in vitro da atividade tóxica de isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner e efeito sinergístico no controle de larvas de Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). 2009. vii, 77 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2009.