Decomposição de resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e produtividade da cultura de milho
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Data
2013-05-09
Autores
Matias, Maria da Conceição Bezerra da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A produção e permanência dos resíduos vegetais na superfície do solo propiciam condições favoráveis à produtividade das culturas e a manutenção da qualidade do solo, principalmente nas regiões quentes onde as temperaturas elevadas aceleram o processo de decomposição desses resíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a decomposição de resíduos vegetais de diferentes plantas de cobertura (PC) cultivadas na presença ou ausência de adubação mineral e sua influência na produtividade do milho em sucessão, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido em dois cultivos sucessivos, entre janeiro de 2011 e maio de 2012, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, município de Teresina, PI. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram utilizadas crotalária-juncea (CJ); feijão-caupi (FC); guandu-anão (GU); lab-lab (LL); milheto (MI); mucuna-preta (MP) e vegetação espontânea (VE); nas subparcelas os manejos: adubado (500 kg ha-1 do formulado NPK 5-30-15 + Zn 0,3%), e não adubado. Após o corte das PC, nos dois cultivos, foi semeado o híbrido de milho Truck. A decomposição e a massa seca remanescente (MSR) das plantas de cobertura foram avaliadas em bolsas de polietileno (litter bags), coletadas nos intervalos de tempo de 0, 15, 30, 45, 65, 85 e 105 dias após a dessecação. Aos 105 dias de avaliação, crotalária-juncea e mucuna-preta foram as leguminosas que apresentaram menor velocidade de decomposição. A adubação mineral influenciou positivamente na quantidade de MSR nos primeiro trinta dias de avaliação. A adubação mineral das plantas de cobertura proporcionou maior acúmulo de carbono e nitrogênio nos tecidos. As diferentes espécies de cobertura não influenciaram a produtividade de grãos de milho, no segundo cultivo. A adubação mineral...
The production and permanence of crop residues at the soil surface provide favorable conditions to crop productivity and the maintenance of soil quality, mainly in hot regions where the high temperatures accelerate the decomposition process these residues. The objective of this work was to evaluate the decomposition of vegetable residues from different cover crops (CC) , with mineral fertilizer and without mineral fertilizer and their influence on the corn yield, in the deployment of no-tillage system. An experiment was conducted in two dates, between January 2011 and May 2012, in Ultisol in the municipality of Teresina-PI, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block “split plot”, with four replications. In the plots was used sunnhemp (SU), cowpea (CO), pigeon pea (PP), lab lab (LL), millet (MI), velvet bean (VB) and spontaneous vegetation (SV). In the subplots were used managements systems: fertilized (500 kg ha-1 of NPK 5-30-15 + Zn 0.3%), and non-fertilized. Decomposition and remaining dry mass (RDS) of cover crops were evaluated in polyethylene bags (litter bags), collected at time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 65, 85 and 105 days after desiccation. At 105 days, sunnhemp and velvet bean were the species that showed a lower rate of decomposition. The mineral fertilization had positively influenced under the amount of RDS in the first thirty days of evaluation. The different species of cover cops did not affect the productivity of grains of corn in the second cultivation. The mineral fertilization resulted in increase of dry matter accumulation by cover crops, but did not influence the productivity of grains of corn growing in succession. The straw production with fertilization and behavior of cover crop is dependent of cultivation period. The velvet bean and millet were the species that had less influence of the growing season for dry matter productivity
The production and permanence of crop residues at the soil surface provide favorable conditions to crop productivity and the maintenance of soil quality, mainly in hot regions where the high temperatures accelerate the decomposition process these residues. The objective of this work was to evaluate the decomposition of vegetable residues from different cover crops (CC) , with mineral fertilizer and without mineral fertilizer and their influence on the corn yield, in the deployment of no-tillage system. An experiment was conducted in two dates, between January 2011 and May 2012, in Ultisol in the municipality of Teresina-PI, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block “split plot”, with four replications. In the plots was used sunnhemp (SU), cowpea (CO), pigeon pea (PP), lab lab (LL), millet (MI), velvet bean (VB) and spontaneous vegetation (SV). In the subplots were used managements systems: fertilized (500 kg ha-1 of NPK 5-30-15 + Zn 0.3%), and non-fertilized. Decomposition and remaining dry mass (RDS) of cover crops were evaluated in polyethylene bags (litter bags), collected at time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 65, 85 and 105 days after desiccation. At 105 days, sunnhemp and velvet bean were the species that showed a lower rate of decomposition. The mineral fertilization had positively influenced under the amount of RDS in the first thirty days of evaluation. The different species of cover cops did not affect the productivity of grains of corn in the second cultivation. The mineral fertilization resulted in increase of dry matter accumulation by cover crops, but did not influence the productivity of grains of corn growing in succession. The straw production with fertilization and behavior of cover crop is dependent of cultivation period. The velvet bean and millet were the species that had less influence of the growing season for dry matter productivity
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho - Cultivo, Gramínea, Adubação, Leguminosa, Plantio direto, Produtividade agrícola, Grasses
Como citar
MATIAS, Maria da Conceição Bezerra da Silva. Decomposição de resíduos vegetais de plantas de cobertura e produtividade da cultura de milho. 2013. xii, 68 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.