Agroecossistema cacaueiro da Bahia: cacau-cabruca e fragmentos florestais na conservação de espécies arbóreas
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Data
2007-09-25
Autores
Lobão, Dan Érico [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Floresta Atlântica na Região Cacaueira da Bahia tem os mais significativos remanescentes florestais em áreas agricultáveis. Deve-se isso, ao plantio tradicional do cacaueiro sob o dossel da floresta que, aprimorado ao longo de 250 anos, resultou no sistema agrossilvicultural cacau-cabruca. Este trabalho objetivou descrever a estrutura fitossociológica da vegetação arbórea em três áreas de cacau-cabruca e dois fragmentos florestais remanescentes, com ênfase na conservação de espécies. O estudo foi desenvolvido em cinco áreas, três com cacau-cabruca nos municípios de Ibirapitanga, Piraí do Norte e Ubatã, e duas, em fragmentos florestais inseridos no agroecossistema cacaueiro, nos municípios de Itapé e Jussari. O método de amostragem usado foi o de quadrantes, e o critério de inclusão foi diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) 15 cm. Na análise da estrutura, foram avaliados os descritores usuais de fitossociologia. No cacau-cabruca, inventariaram-se 101 espécies em 36 famílias; 10 espécies apresentaram ocorrência comum. As áreas apresentaram baixa similaridade entre si. Os índices de diversidade (H’) foram 3,3 para Ibirapitanga, 3,2 para Piraí do Norte e 4,0 para Ubatã. Todas as áreas estudadas apresentaram alta dominância total (DoA) e densidade total acima do que a CEPLAC recomenda. Nos fragmentos florestais, foram inventariados 328 indivíduos, distribuídos entre 76 táxons, em 29 famílias botânicas. Dessas, 19 espécies apresentaram ocorrência comum às duas comunidades. A similaridade entre os fragmentos foi J’ = 33%. Quanto à diversidade, em Itapé, o H’ foi 3,16 e em Jussari, 3,77. O cacau-cabruca conservou remanescentes da Floresta Atlântica, tanto fragmentos florestais como indivíduos arbóreos, bem como, exemplares significativos de espécies arbóreas de diferentes estádios da sucessão, espécies raras e nobres de valor comercial...
The Atlantic Forest biome in the Bahia Cocoa Region has the most significant forest remanescents in agricultural areas. For that reason, the traditional cocoa planting under the forest canopy, which has been improved along 250 years, resulted in the agrossilvicultural cacau-cabruca system. This work describes the phytosociological structure of the arboreal vegetation in three cacaucabruca areas and two forest fragment-remanescents, with emphasis in species conservation. The study was developed in five areas, three with cocoa-cabruca in Ibirapitanga, Piraí do Norte and Ubatã municipalities, and two in forest fragments inserted in the cocoa agroecosystems of Itapé and Jussari. The sampling method used was quadrant and the inclusion criterion was chest height diameter (CHD) 15 cm. In the structure analysis the usual phytosociological descriptors were evaluated. In the cacau-cabruca 101 species in 36 families were inventoried, and nine of them showed common occurrence. The areas presented low similarity. The diversity indexes (H') were 3,3 for Ibirapitanga, 3,2 for Piraí do Norte and 4,0 for Ubatã. All areas studied showed high total dominance (DoA) and total density above the one recommended by the CEPLAC. In the forest fragments 328 individuals were inventoried, distributed among 76 taxons, in 29 botanical families. From these, 19 species presented common occurrence to both communities. The similarity between the fragments was J' = 33%. As for diversity, in Itapé H' was 3,16 and in Jussari 3,77. Cacau-cabruca conserved remanescents of the Atlantic Forest, either as fragments or shade arboreal individuals, as well as significant arboreal species at different succesional stages, rare and noble species of commercial value such as Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil), among others, in abundance, density and dominance.
The Atlantic Forest biome in the Bahia Cocoa Region has the most significant forest remanescents in agricultural areas. For that reason, the traditional cocoa planting under the forest canopy, which has been improved along 250 years, resulted in the agrossilvicultural cacau-cabruca system. This work describes the phytosociological structure of the arboreal vegetation in three cacaucabruca areas and two forest fragment-remanescents, with emphasis in species conservation. The study was developed in five areas, three with cocoa-cabruca in Ibirapitanga, Piraí do Norte and Ubatã municipalities, and two in forest fragments inserted in the cocoa agroecosystems of Itapé and Jussari. The sampling method used was quadrant and the inclusion criterion was chest height diameter (CHD) 15 cm. In the structure analysis the usual phytosociological descriptors were evaluated. In the cacau-cabruca 101 species in 36 families were inventoried, and nine of them showed common occurrence. The areas presented low similarity. The diversity indexes (H') were 3,3 for Ibirapitanga, 3,2 for Piraí do Norte and 4,0 for Ubatã. All areas studied showed high total dominance (DoA) and total density above the one recommended by the CEPLAC. In the forest fragments 328 individuals were inventoried, distributed among 76 taxons, in 29 botanical families. From these, 19 species presented common occurrence to both communities. The similarity between the fragments was J' = 33%. As for diversity, in Itapé H' was 3,16 and in Jussari 3,77. Cacau-cabruca conserved remanescents of the Atlantic Forest, either as fragments or shade arboreal individuals, as well as significant arboreal species at different succesional stages, rare and noble species of commercial value such as Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil), among others, in abundance, density and dominance.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mata Atlântica, Arvores, Florestas, Sistema agrossilvicultural, Árvore nativa, Atlantic forest, Agroforestry, Native tree
Como citar
LOBÃO, Dan Érico. Agroecossistema cacaueiro da Bahia: cacau-cabruca e fragmentos florestais na conservação de espécies arbóreas. 2007. x, 98 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.