Métodos químicos para a estimativa do nitrogênio disponível do solo
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Data
2008-07-10
Autores
Yagi, Renato [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram avaliados 16 índices químicos de disponibilidade de N para a cultura do milho em 22 solos do Estado de São Paulo. Os índices químicos de disponibilidade de N foram matéria orgânica, N total, N inorgânico e N extraído com KMnO4/NaOH, H2O2/MnO, tampão fosfato-borato, K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, Na2Cr2O7.2H2O/H2SO4 e KCl a quente/MgO ou NaOH. Métodos biológicos de incubação de solo em condições aeróbias (35ºC por 30 semanas) e anaeróbias (40ºC por 7 dias), e experimento em casa de vegetação tendo o milho como planta-teste foram utilizados como padrões de referência para os índices químicos. Os métodos de extração do N disponível com KCl a quente/MgO e Na2Cr2O7.2H2O/H2SO4 apresentaram as melhores correlações com índices biológicos de mineralização ou disponibilidade de N. Na calibração destes métodos a partir de dois experimentos em vasos e em casa de vegetação, foram obtidos valores de nível crítico (NC) de N disponível que variaram de 33,0 a 35,0 mg dm-3 e de 430 a 525 mg dm-3, respectivamente. A partir destes valores de NC foram calculadas doses de N recomendadas (DR), com base em análise de N disponível em amostras de solo iniciais de três experimentos a campo e em experimento de incubação de solo em laboratório. A calibração dos métodos de análise para Nd do solo permitiu a obtenção do nível crítico de 35,0 mg dm-3 para o método do KCl a quente, como limite das classes de resposta e não resposta à adubação nitrogenada para a cultura do milho. Não foi possível calibrar o método de determinação de Nd com solução sulfocrômica.
Were evaluated 15 chemical indices for N availability for corn crop in 22 Sao Paulo State soils. The chemical indices of N availability were soil organic matter, total N, inorganic N and N extracted with KMnO4/NaOH, H2O2/MnO, phosphate-borate buffer, K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, Na2Cr2O7.2H2O/H2SO4, hot KCl/MgO or NaOH. Biological methods of soil incubation under aerobic conditions (35ºC for 30 weeks) and anaerobic (40ºC for 7 days), and experiment in a greenhouse taking the corn as test-plant were used as benchmarks for the chemical indices. The methods of extracting the N available with hot KCl/MgO and Na2Cr2O7.2H2O/H2SO4 showed the best correlation with N biological mineralization or availability. In the calibration of these methods from two experiments in pots and in greenhouse, were obtained critical level (CL) values of N available that ranged from 33.0 to 35.0 mg dm-3 and 430 to 525 mg dm-3, respectively. From these CL values were recommended N rates (NR), based on N available analysis in initial soil samples from three experiments in the field and in soil incubation in laboratory. In just one of the field experiments was possible to calculate NR of maximum economic efficiency, which were compared with NR. The calibration of the methods of analysis for N available soil allowed the achievement of CL of 35.0 mg dm-3 for the hot KCl method, as the limit of the classes of response and no response to nitrogen fertilization to corn cultivation. It was not possible to calibrate the method of determining of N available with sulfocromic solution.
Were evaluated 15 chemical indices for N availability for corn crop in 22 Sao Paulo State soils. The chemical indices of N availability were soil organic matter, total N, inorganic N and N extracted with KMnO4/NaOH, H2O2/MnO, phosphate-borate buffer, K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, Na2Cr2O7.2H2O/H2SO4, hot KCl/MgO or NaOH. Biological methods of soil incubation under aerobic conditions (35ºC for 30 weeks) and anaerobic (40ºC for 7 days), and experiment in a greenhouse taking the corn as test-plant were used as benchmarks for the chemical indices. The methods of extracting the N available with hot KCl/MgO and Na2Cr2O7.2H2O/H2SO4 showed the best correlation with N biological mineralization or availability. In the calibration of these methods from two experiments in pots and in greenhouse, were obtained critical level (CL) values of N available that ranged from 33.0 to 35.0 mg dm-3 and 430 to 525 mg dm-3, respectively. From these CL values were recommended N rates (NR), based on N available analysis in initial soil samples from three experiments in the field and in soil incubation in laboratory. In just one of the field experiments was possible to calculate NR of maximum economic efficiency, which were compared with NR. The calibration of the methods of analysis for N available soil allowed the achievement of CL of 35.0 mg dm-3 for the hot KCl method, as the limit of the classes of response and no response to nitrogen fertilization to corn cultivation. It was not possible to calibrate the method of determining of N available with sulfocromic solution.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
soil analysis, Selection of methods, Potentially mineralizable N, Clibration of soil analysis, Zea mays L., Solos - Analise, Nitrogênio, Milho, Seleção de métodos químicos, N potencial mineralizável, Calibração de análise de solo
Como citar
YAGI, Renato. Métodos químicos para a estimativa do nitrogênio disponível do solo. 2008. iv, 115 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2008.