Viroses do alho: métodos de diagnose e degenerescência do alho semente livre de vírus
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2013-11-18
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Espécies de vírus dos gêneros Potyvirus, Carlavirus e Allexivirus são comumente encontradas na cultura do alho (Allium sativum L.) e em decorrência da sua propagação vegetativa, há o acúmulo de vírus de um ciclo para outro, formando um complexo entre espécies dos gêneros citados. Uma das principais causas da redução da produtividade ocorre devido à infecção por vírus, e a termoterapia associada à cultura de tecido pode ser um método eficiente para limpeza clonal e obtenção de alho semente livre de vírus. O estudo da degenerescência do alho livre de vírus é, portanto, importante para se conhecer o número de ciclos em que o alho semente, inicialmente sadio, pode ser multiplicado no campo, sem que ocorra a redução da produtividade. Neste estudo foi verificado que após três anos a produtividade foi 13,75% superior ao alho 100% infectado por vírus. Os bulbilhos aéreos também podem ser utilizados para a multiplicação de sementes e tem como vantagem o baixo custo quando comparado à utilização de bulbos provenientes da cultura de tecido. Entretanto, essa técnica só se torna viável com a utilização de matrizes isentas de vírus, pois a transmissão de vírus para os bulbilhos aéreos, provenientes de matrizes infectadas, podem chegar a 83,33% no caso dos potyvirus, 20% para carlavirus e 70% para allexivirus, segundo dados obtidos neste trabalho. Realizar uma diagnose precisa dos vírus que infectam o alho torna-se essencial para que não ocorram falhas durante a indexação. Pôde-se observar que para a detecção dos potyvirus, utilizando o teste de ELISA indireto, deve-se utilizar folhas novas, entre 21 e 63 dias após o plantio, pois a concentração viral nesse período é a mais elevada. Diferentes técnicas como o DIBA colorimétrico, DIBA quimioluminescente, ELISA e PCR em tempo real foram avaliadas para detecção do LYSV, aos 21 dias após a inoculação...
Virus species of genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus and Allexivirus are commonly infecting garlic plants (Allium sativum L.). Due to the vegetative propagation, the accumulation of viruses might occur from one cycle to another. The infection of viruses might induce yield losses, and the technique of thermotherapy associated with meristem tip culture is an efficient method to obtain virus-free seeds. The study of degeneration of seeds free of virus is important to know the number of cycles in which garlic may be multiplied in the field without reduction of productivity. In this study it was observed that after three years, the productivity increased 13,75% compared to 100% infected seeds. Currently, aerial bulbils may be used for multiplication of seeds with low cost, compared to meristem tip culture. However, this is a viable technique only if the matrix is free of viruses, because the transmission to aerial bulbils, from infected plants can reach 83.33 % for potyviruses, 20% for carlavirus and 65% for allexivirus, data obtained in this work. An accurate diagnosis in viruses that infect garlic is important to avoid mistakes during indexing material. It was 4 observed that the best time to detect potyvirus, through ELISA test is between 21 and 63 days after planting on young leaves, as the virus concentration is higher in this period. Whem using different techniques, such as the colorimetric DIBA, chemiluminescent DIBA, ELISA, and real-time PCR, it was possible to perform the detection of LYSV 21 days after inoculation. ELISA test detected LYSV only at 21 days after inoculation, whereas using real time PCR, in 5 days after inoculation it was possible to detect the virus due to its high sensitivity. The other tests also detected the virus 21 days after infection
Virus species of genera Potyvirus, Carlavirus and Allexivirus are commonly infecting garlic plants (Allium sativum L.). Due to the vegetative propagation, the accumulation of viruses might occur from one cycle to another. The infection of viruses might induce yield losses, and the technique of thermotherapy associated with meristem tip culture is an efficient method to obtain virus-free seeds. The study of degeneration of seeds free of virus is important to know the number of cycles in which garlic may be multiplied in the field without reduction of productivity. In this study it was observed that after three years, the productivity increased 13,75% compared to 100% infected seeds. Currently, aerial bulbils may be used for multiplication of seeds with low cost, compared to meristem tip culture. However, this is a viable technique only if the matrix is free of viruses, because the transmission to aerial bulbils, from infected plants can reach 83.33 % for potyviruses, 20% for carlavirus and 65% for allexivirus, data obtained in this work. An accurate diagnosis in viruses that infect garlic is important to avoid mistakes during indexing material. It was 4 observed that the best time to detect potyvirus, through ELISA test is between 21 and 63 days after planting on young leaves, as the virus concentration is higher in this period. Whem using different techniques, such as the colorimetric DIBA, chemiluminescent DIBA, ELISA, and real-time PCR, it was possible to perform the detection of LYSV 21 days after inoculation. ELISA test detected LYSV only at 21 days after inoculation, whereas using real time PCR, in 5 days after inoculation it was possible to detect the virus due to its high sensitivity. The other tests also detected the virus 21 days after infection
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Palavras-chave
Alho - Cultivo, Alho - Doenças e pragas, Alho - Sementes, Virus de plantas, Termoterapia, Virus diseases of plants
Como citar
MITUTI, Tatiana. Viroses do alho: métodos de diagnose e degenerescência do alho semente livre de vírus. 2013. ix, 85 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2013.