Formação e crescimento de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco via sol-gel
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Data
2010-10-19
Autores
Caetano, Bruno Leonardo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos a síntese de nanopartículas (diâmetro entre 1 e 20 nm) despertou grande interesse dos pesquisadores porque elas possuem propriedades eletrônicas, luminescentes, catalíticas, de conversão de energia e optoeletrônicas diferenciadas da sua estrutura macrocristalina correspondente, bulk. Nanopartículas semicondutoras também apresentam uma mudança nas propriedades eletrônicas em relação ao “bulk”. A observação de aumento do “band-gap” com a diminuição do tamanho da partícula constitui um dos aspectos mais estudados em nanopartículas semicondutoras, pois permite alterar as propriedades químicas e eletrônicas de um material simplesmente controlando o tamanho das partículas. Esta idéia surgiu no início dos anos 1980 quando Brus et colaboradores observaram soluções de cores distintas formadas pela mesma substância. Entre os semicondutores que apresentam esta propriedade destaca-se o óxido de zinco. Além disso, a diversidade morfológica deste óxido é superior a de qualquer outro nanomaterial inorgânico sintético atraindo muitos interesses, tanto do ponto de vista científico quanto tecnológico. Materiais com diferentes morfologias foram obtidos e relatados na literatura nos últimos anos; esta diversidade vem expandindo-se rapidamente e tornando-se uma grande frente de investigação em nanotecnologia. Como as propriedades do ZnO são fortemente dependentes de sua estrutura e morfologia, elas são classificadas segundo o tamanho, orientação e densidade de cristal. Estas características estruturais que determinam o desenvolvimento de metodologias de síntese controlada de ZnO, são indispensáveis para explorar seu potencial como material nanoestruturado. Entretanto, os fatores que condicionam a formação dessas nanoestruturas não estão bem estabelecidos na literatura, pois na maioria...
In recent years, the synthesis of nanoparticles (diameter between 1 and 20 nm) has strongly attracted the attention of researchers due to their electronic, luminescent, optoelectronic and catalytic properties varying significantly with particle size. The study of increasing band gap with decreasing particle size is one of the most studied in the field of semiconductor nanoparticles. In fact it can change the chemical and electronic properties of a material by simply controlling the particle size. The idea emerged in the 1980’s when Brus and his colleagues have found solutions of nanoparticles of different colors formed by the same substance. Among the semiconductors that exhibit this property, there are the chalcogenides of cadmium and zinc oxide in particular. The morphological diversity of zinc oxide (ZnO) is superior to any other synthetic or inorganic nanomaterials. ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies have been obtained and reported in the literature in recent years; this diversity is growing and becoming a major issue of research in nanotechnology. Since the properties of ZnO are strongly dependent on the structure and morphology, they are classified by size, orientation and density of the crystal. These structural characteristics affect the development of new synthetic methods for controlling the growth of ZnO. However, the factors that influence the formation of these nanostructures are not well established in the literature, because in most publications on growth, aggregation processes are neglected and only the final material is characterised. Based on these arguments, this thesis focuses on the processes involved in the different steps of formation of ZnO nanoparticles by sol-gel synthesis. The precursors used in the reactions of formation and growth of ZnO nanoparticles are similar to those... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In recent years, the synthesis of nanoparticles (diameter between 1 and 20 nm) has strongly attracted the attention of researchers due to their electronic, luminescent, optoelectronic and catalytic properties varying significantly with particle size. The study of increasing band gap with decreasing particle size is one of the most studied in the field of semiconductor nanoparticles. In fact it can change the chemical and electronic properties of a material by simply controlling the particle size. The idea emerged in the 1980’s when Brus and his colleagues have found solutions of nanoparticles of different colors formed by the same substance. Among the semiconductors that exhibit this property, there are the chalcogenides of cadmium and zinc oxide in particular. The morphological diversity of zinc oxide (ZnO) is superior to any other synthetic or inorganic nanomaterials. ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies have been obtained and reported in the literature in recent years; this diversity is growing and becoming a major issue of research in nanotechnology. Since the properties of ZnO are strongly dependent on the structure and morphology, they are classified by size, orientation and density of the crystal. These structural characteristics affect the development of new synthetic methods for controlling the growth of ZnO. However, the factors that influence the formation of these nanostructures are not well established in the literature, because in most publications on growth, aggregation processes are neglected and only the final material is characterised. Based on these arguments, this thesis focuses on the processes involved in the different steps of formation of ZnO nanoparticles by sol-gel synthesis. The precursors used in the reactions of formation and growth of ZnO nanoparticles are similar to those... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Físico-química, Óxido de zinco, Nanopartículas, Nanoparticles
Como citar
CAETANO, Bruno Leonardo. Formação e crescimento de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco via sol-gel. 2010. 131 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química de Araraquara e Université de Paris Sud 11, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, 2010.