Marcação, voo tutorado e dispersão de Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) e Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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Data
2014-01-28
Autores
Caixeta, Daniel Ferreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de plantas Bt no controle de pragas possui riscos quanto à seleção de indivíduos resistentes. Por isso, a adoção de áreas de refúgio é crucial para minimizar a evolução da resistência. E para planejar a disposição e a distância entre essas áreas deve-se conhecer a dispersão dos insetos. Assim, o primeiro objetivo deste trabalho foi marcar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) e Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) por meio de corantes lipossolúveis para definir o melhor corante-concentração a ser utilizados em estudos de dispersão. O segundo objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da idade, do sexo e da cópula no voo tutorado, e o reflexo desses cenários na reprodução e no manejo de resistência, para, com isso, realizar estudos de dispersão de adultos de A. gemmatalis em soja. Os corantes azul (Solvent Blue 35) e vermelho (Sudan Red 7B) nas concentrações de 100 e 400 ppm diluídos em óleo foram testados. Verificou-se que o corante Sudan Red 7B a 400 ppm pode ser utilizado na marcação de A. gemmatalis, mas não para C. includens. Avaliou-se o voo tutorado e a reprodução de fêmeas e machos, copulados ou não com 2, 4 e 6 dias após a emergência. Constatou-se que diversas características relacionadas ao voo e à reprodução de A. gemmatalis reforçam a estratégia de refúgio estruturado em soja Bt, o que pode desacelerar o desenvolvimento de populações resistentes no campo. Avaliou-se a dispersão por meio da liberação e captura. Utilizaram-se armadilhas luminosas na captura dos insetos, distribuídas nos sentidos norte, sul, leste e oeste, e espaçadas a 150 m entre si até a distância máxima de 900 m. Mais de 10% dos adultos de A. gemmatalis estudados puderam voar mais de 800 m. Consequentemente, propõe-se que as áreas de refúgio em soja Bt sejam espaçadas a até 800 m de distância entre si, visando a diminuição da frequência dos indivíduos resistentes no campo
The use of Bt crops to control pests may cause environmental risks mainly due to selection of resistant individuals. Therefore, the use of refuge areas is crucial to minimize the evaluation of resistance. However, dispersal of target insects should be understood to properly plan the locations of these areas. Thus, the first objective of this study was to mark Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by oil-soluble dyes in order to establish the best concentration to be used in dispersal studies. The second objective was to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and copulation on tethered flight and their implication of these scenarios on reproduction and resistance management as well as to carry out dispersal studies of A. gemmatalis adults in soybean. The blue (Solvent Blue 35) and red (Sudan Red 7B) dyes at 100 and 400 ppm concentrations diluted in oil were tested. It was noticed that the Sudan Red 7B at 400 ppm can be used for marking A. gemmatalis, but not for C. includens. We evaluated the tethered flight and reproduction of females and males, mated and unmated with 2, 4, and 6 days after emergence. Results indicated that several characteristics related to flight and reproduction of A. gemmatalis support the structured refuge strategy for Bt soybean, which can slow down the development of resistant populations in the field. Dispersal of insects was also evaluated through the release and capture. Light traps were used to capture the insects and were distributed 150 m apart in the North, South, East and West directions. The farthest light trap was located 900 m from the release site. More than 10% of A. gemmatalis adults could fly more than 800 m. Consequently, it is proposed that refuge areas in Bt soybeans should be spaced up to 800 m away from each other, aiming to reduce the frequency of resistant individuals in the field
The use of Bt crops to control pests may cause environmental risks mainly due to selection of resistant individuals. Therefore, the use of refuge areas is crucial to minimize the evaluation of resistance. However, dispersal of target insects should be understood to properly plan the locations of these areas. Thus, the first objective of this study was to mark Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by oil-soluble dyes in order to establish the best concentration to be used in dispersal studies. The second objective was to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and copulation on tethered flight and their implication of these scenarios on reproduction and resistance management as well as to carry out dispersal studies of A. gemmatalis adults in soybean. The blue (Solvent Blue 35) and red (Sudan Red 7B) dyes at 100 and 400 ppm concentrations diluted in oil were tested. It was noticed that the Sudan Red 7B at 400 ppm can be used for marking A. gemmatalis, but not for C. includens. We evaluated the tethered flight and reproduction of females and males, mated and unmated with 2, 4, and 6 days after emergence. Results indicated that several characteristics related to flight and reproduction of A. gemmatalis support the structured refuge strategy for Bt soybean, which can slow down the development of resistant populations in the field. Dispersal of insects was also evaluated through the release and capture. Light traps were used to capture the insects and were distributed 150 m apart in the North, South, East and West directions. The farthest light trap was located 900 m from the release site. More than 10% of A. gemmatalis adults could fly more than 800 m. Consequently, it is proposed that refuge areas in Bt soybeans should be spaced up to 800 m away from each other, aiming to reduce the frequency of resistant individuals in the field
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pragas agricolas, Lagarta da soja, Inseto, Lepidoptero, Soja, Insects
Como citar
CAIXETA, Daniel Ferreira. Marcação, voo tutorado e dispersão de Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) e Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 2014. iv, 70 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2014.