O Projeto Logos II em Rondônia: a implantação do projeto-piloto e as mudanças em sua organização político-pedagógica
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Data
2016-01-28
Autores
Gouveia, Cristiane Talita Gromann [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na década de 70 do século XX, em alguns estados do Brasil, foi implantado o Projeto Logos II, com o objetivo de formar, em regime emergencial, professores que eram leigos, habilitados em segundo grau para exercício do magistério. Esse programa trabalhava com sistema modular e possuía um plano de atividades diversificado e flexível, no qual o aluno estabelecia seu próprio ritmo de aprendizagem. Os encontros com o orientador de ensino eram mensais, quando aconteciam também as aplicações de testes. No estado de Rondônia (extinto Território Federal de Rondônia), levantamentos apontam que o Projeto foi desenvolvido entre as décadas de 1970 a 1990. Assim, as questões que norteiam esta pesquisa são: como se deu a implantação do projeto-piloto e quais foram as mudanças na organização política-pedagógica do Projeto Logos II em Rondônia? Dessa forma, o estudo que propomos tem como objetivo elaborar uma interpretação histórica sobre a implantação e funcionamento do projeto-piloto do Projeto Logos II no estado de Rondônia, bem como analisar as mudanças na sua organização política-pedagógica ao longo do tempo. A investigação situa-se na área da História da Educação, com ênfase na formação de professores, e segue, na historiografia, a corrente "História Cultural", tendo como aportes teóricos, principalmente, o paradigma indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg, o conceito de “história cultural” de Peter Burke, a crítica ao documento de Marc Bloch, o documento/monumento como posto por Jacques Le Goff e, finalmente, as teorias sobre os diversos tipos de memória de Maurice Halbwachs. Como fontes históricas foram consideradas as legislações, fichas de matrículas, históricos escolares, diplomas, módulos, fotos de alunos e professores, além de outros documentos, bem como entrevistas que foram realizadas com alunos, professores e coordenadores da cidade de Vilhena-RO. Constatamos como principais resultados a mudança no perfil do projeto entre a época do Governo da Ditadura Militar, com um controle centralizado, e a da Nova República, baseada em valores democráticos, o que influenciou na descentralização do Logos II, deixando o programa de ser responsabilidade da esfera Federal e passando a ser controlado pelos estados. Com o passar do tempo, o Projeto, que inicialmente era pautado no modelo tecnicista Taylorista/Fordista, seguiu o fluxo das mudanças ocorridas na educação no país e passou a adotar as características do modelo Toyotista. No Logos II, vimos os indícios do modelo Toyotista por diversas vias, como, por exemplo, pelo controle da qualidade por meio das provas abrangentes. Na estrutura do projeto, houve mudanças na função do supervisor docente e orientador de aprendizagem, que passaram a ser uma única função. Os conteúdos dos módulos passaram por reajustes à medida que o MEC e o CETEB foram percebendo a necessidade. No início do programa, o Estágio era supervisionado, depois passou a ser não supervisionado, tendo como apoio os Encontros Pedagógicos e o microensino, e, posteriormente, voltou a ser supervisionado - porém, como uma fusão dos dois modelos anteriores.
In the 1970s, in some states of Brazil, the Project Logos II was implemented, aiming at rapidly training teachers who were laymen, certified to teach having only completed their secondary education. The program worked with a modular system and had a diverse and flexible plan of activities, in which the students were able to establish their own learning pace. There were monthly meetings with the educational advisor, when the application of tests also took place. In the state of Rondônia (former Federal Territory of Rondônia), surveys show that the project was developed between the 1970s and the 1990s. So, the questions that guide this research are: how was the implementation of the pilot project and what were the changes in the political and pedagogical organization of the Project Logos II in Rondônia? This way, the study that we propose aims at developing a historical interpretation of the implementation and execution of the pilot project of the Logos II in the state of Rondônia and at analyzing the changes in its political and pedagogical organization over the time. The research is placed in the area of the History of Education, with emphasis on teacher training, and follows, in historiography, the “Cultural History” movement and has as its theoretical contributions, mainly, Carlo Ginzburg’s paradigm of evidence, Peter Burke’s “cultural history” concept, Marc Bloch’s documentary criticism, the document/monument as in Jacques Le Goff and, finally, Maurice Halbwachs’ theories on the various types of memory. Taken as historical sources were the laws, the enrollment records, the school transcripts, the diplomas, the modules, photos of students and teachers, as well as other documents and interviews that were conducted among students, teachers and coordinators in the city of Vilhena-RO. As a main result, we concluded that there was a shift in the profile of the project between the period of the Military Dictatorship, with centralized control, and of the New Republic, based on democratic values, which influenced the decentralization of the Logos II, withdrawing responsibility from the Federal Government and passing it on to the states. Over the time, the project, which was initially based on the Taylorist/Fordist technicist model, followed the flow of changes in the national education and started to adopt the characteristics of the Toyotism. In Logos II, we saw the evidences of the use of the Toyotism in various aspects as, for example, in quality control by the means of comprehensive tests. In the structure of the project, there were changes in the functions of the teaching supervisor and of the learning advisor, which merged into a single position. The contents of the modules went through readjustments as Ministry of Education and the CETEB realized its necessity. In the beginning of the project, the internship program was supervised, then it became unsupervised, counting on the support from the Pedagogical Meetings and the microteaching, subsequently, it became supervised again - however, as a fusion of the two previous models.
In the 1970s, in some states of Brazil, the Project Logos II was implemented, aiming at rapidly training teachers who were laymen, certified to teach having only completed their secondary education. The program worked with a modular system and had a diverse and flexible plan of activities, in which the students were able to establish their own learning pace. There were monthly meetings with the educational advisor, when the application of tests also took place. In the state of Rondônia (former Federal Territory of Rondônia), surveys show that the project was developed between the 1970s and the 1990s. So, the questions that guide this research are: how was the implementation of the pilot project and what were the changes in the political and pedagogical organization of the Project Logos II in Rondônia? This way, the study that we propose aims at developing a historical interpretation of the implementation and execution of the pilot project of the Logos II in the state of Rondônia and at analyzing the changes in its political and pedagogical organization over the time. The research is placed in the area of the History of Education, with emphasis on teacher training, and follows, in historiography, the “Cultural History” movement and has as its theoretical contributions, mainly, Carlo Ginzburg’s paradigm of evidence, Peter Burke’s “cultural history” concept, Marc Bloch’s documentary criticism, the document/monument as in Jacques Le Goff and, finally, Maurice Halbwachs’ theories on the various types of memory. Taken as historical sources were the laws, the enrollment records, the school transcripts, the diplomas, the modules, photos of students and teachers, as well as other documents and interviews that were conducted among students, teachers and coordinators in the city of Vilhena-RO. As a main result, we concluded that there was a shift in the profile of the project between the period of the Military Dictatorship, with centralized control, and of the New Republic, based on democratic values, which influenced the decentralization of the Logos II, withdrawing responsibility from the Federal Government and passing it on to the states. Over the time, the project, which was initially based on the Taylorist/Fordist technicist model, followed the flow of changes in the national education and started to adopt the characteristics of the Toyotism. In Logos II, we saw the evidences of the use of the Toyotism in various aspects as, for example, in quality control by the means of comprehensive tests. In the structure of the project, there were changes in the functions of the teaching supervisor and of the learning advisor, which merged into a single position. The contents of the modules went through readjustments as Ministry of Education and the CETEB realized its necessity. In the beginning of the project, the internship program was supervised, then it became unsupervised, counting on the support from the Pedagogical Meetings and the microteaching, subsequently, it became supervised again - however, as a fusion of the two previous models.
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Palavras-chave
Formação de professores leigos, História da educação, Rondônia, Training of lay teachers, History of education