Protocolos experimentais de confinamento para bovinos Nelore alimentados com dietas contendo glicerina bruta
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Data
2016-02-03
Autores
Paschoaloto, Josimari Regina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A glicerina tem sido usada apenas como uma fonte de energia na alimentação de ruminantes, no entanto, devido à baixa capacidade de acidificação no rúmen a partir de produtos da sua fermentação, pode ser usada também para evitar problemas metabólicos ruminais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a glicerina bruta no período de adaptação e terminação de bovinos como ingrediente capaz de minimizar problemas metabólicos. Foi avaliado o consumo de MS, desempenho animal, comportamento ingestivo, morfologia das papilas ruminais e características de carcaça. Sessenta bovinos Nelore não castrados, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2×2, sendo uma dieta com presença e uma com ausência de 30% MS de glicerina bruta e dois períodos de confinamento (adaptação e terminação). As dietas foram formuladas para serem isoenergéticas (1.0 Mcal ELg/kg MS) e isoproteicas (12,5% PB/MS). Os dados foram avaliados utilizando o procedimento MIXED do software SAS. A inclusão de glicerina bruta aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da MS das dietas e reduziu o consumo de MS dos animais durante o período de terminação do confinamento. A inclusão de glicerina bruta em ambos os períodos do confinamento aumentou o GMPD dos animais. As características de carcaça avaliadas 30 minutos e 24 h após o abate (pH, L*, a* e b*) não foram influenciados pela inclusão de glicerina bruta em nenhum dos períodos do confinamento. A inclusão de glicerina bruta no período de terminação do confinamento proporcionou aos animais menores tempos de ruminação em pé, maiores tempos de mastigação total (P=0,0162), menores eficiências de alimentação (P<0,0001) e menores números de bolos ingeridos por dia (P=0,0287). O índice mitótico foi maior para os animais que receberam glicerina bruta no período de terminação do confinamento. A inclusão de glicerina bruta não altera as características comportamentais, nem a morfologia das papilas ruminais, e mostrou-se ser um ingrediente alternativo à adaptação dos animais a dietas de alto concentrado. Em conclusão, a glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada em dietas alto concentrado como fonte energética e ingrediente auxiliar à adaptação dos animais, sem alterar as características comportamentais, de carcaça, desempenho, nem morfologia das papilas ruminais, além de reduzir o consumo de MS durante o período de terminação.
Glycerin has been used as a source of energy in ruminant diets, however, due to low capacity ruminal acidifying from products of their fermentation, it can be used to prevent ruminal metabolic problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate glycerin as an ingredient able to reduce ruminal metabolic problems. We evaluated dry matter intake, performance, feed behavior, papillae morphology and carcass characteristics. Sixty Nellore bulls were used in a randomized block design in factorial arrangement 2×2, diet with presence and absence of 30% DM crude glycerin and two periods of feedlot (adaptation and finishing time). Diets were formulated to be nutritionally isocaloric (1.0 Mcal NEg/ kg DM) and isonitrogenous (12.5% CP/ MS). The data were analyzed by MIXED procedure of SAS software. The inclusion of crude glycerin increased the DM digestibility in vitro of diets and reduced DM intake of bulls during finishing time. The inclusion of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing time increased ADG. The carcass characteristics evaluated 30 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter (pH, L*, a* and b*) were not affected by inclusion of crude glycerin in any period of feedlot. The inclusion of crude glycerin in finishing time of feedlot provided smaller time spent ruminating standing, larger total chewing time, lower feed efficiency and smaller number of bolus per day. The mitotic index was higher for animals feeding with crude glycerin in the feedlot finishing time. The inclusion of crude glycerin did not affect the feed behavior or morphology of rumen papillae, and proved to be an alternative ingredient to adapt the animals to high concentrate diets. In conclusion, the crude glycerin can be used in high concentrate diets as an energy source and ingredient assist the adaptation of animals without changing the behavioral characteristics, carcass, performance, or morphology of ruminal papillae and reduce dry matter intake during the period termination.
Glycerin has been used as a source of energy in ruminant diets, however, due to low capacity ruminal acidifying from products of their fermentation, it can be used to prevent ruminal metabolic problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate glycerin as an ingredient able to reduce ruminal metabolic problems. We evaluated dry matter intake, performance, feed behavior, papillae morphology and carcass characteristics. Sixty Nellore bulls were used in a randomized block design in factorial arrangement 2×2, diet with presence and absence of 30% DM crude glycerin and two periods of feedlot (adaptation and finishing time). Diets were formulated to be nutritionally isocaloric (1.0 Mcal NEg/ kg DM) and isonitrogenous (12.5% CP/ MS). The data were analyzed by MIXED procedure of SAS software. The inclusion of crude glycerin increased the DM digestibility in vitro of diets and reduced DM intake of bulls during finishing time. The inclusion of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing time increased ADG. The carcass characteristics evaluated 30 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter (pH, L*, a* and b*) were not affected by inclusion of crude glycerin in any period of feedlot. The inclusion of crude glycerin in finishing time of feedlot provided smaller time spent ruminating standing, larger total chewing time, lower feed efficiency and smaller number of bolus per day. The mitotic index was higher for animals feeding with crude glycerin in the feedlot finishing time. The inclusion of crude glycerin did not affect the feed behavior or morphology of rumen papillae, and proved to be an alternative ingredient to adapt the animals to high concentrate diets. In conclusion, the crude glycerin can be used in high concentrate diets as an energy source and ingredient assist the adaptation of animals without changing the behavioral characteristics, carcass, performance, or morphology of ruminal papillae and reduce dry matter intake during the period termination.
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Palavras-chave
Nelore, Desempenho, Glicerol, Papilas ruminais, Glycerol, Performance, Nellore, Ruminal papillae