Efeito na osseointegração de um novo método de nanotexturização de superfície de implantes através de anodização
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Data
2016-01-29
Autores
Villaça-Carvalho, Maria Fernanda Lima [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Implantodontia é uma das áreas da Odontologia que mais tem evoluído nas últimas décadas. Diversos estudos são desenvolvidos na intenção de otimizar o processo de osseointegração utilizando a nanotopografia na superfície dos implantes. Atualmente o processo de anodização da superfície vem se destacando entre estas técnicas. Desta forma, o objetivo nesta pesquisa foi obter nano rugosidades e fase de anatase em implantes odontológicos de Titânio, buscando a otimização da osseointegração. Sessenta implantes foram caracterizados quanto à morfologia, por meio de microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV); quanto à composição química, por análise por detector de espectrometria por espalhamento de energia (EDS) e Espectroscopia Raman; e por fim, quanto ao potencial de corrosão, pela análise de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). A osteogênese, in vivo, foi comparada por Radiografia periapical (RP), Microtomografia Computadorizada (μTC) e teste de remoção por torque reverso; e, a análise in vitro, foi realizada por teste de citotoxicidade por MTT [(brometo de 3-4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazoliol]. Os implantes foram divididos em: G1 (controle); Grupo 2 (jateado); Grupo 3 (anodizado-experimental). Cada coelho recebeu um implante de cada grupo nas tíbias direita e esquerda, e cinco coelhos, foram eutanasiados 2 e 6 semanas após a cirurgia. Os implantes da tíbia direita foram submetidos à RP e à μTC; e os da tíbia esquerda, ao teste de torque reverso e análise de citotoxicidade por MTT. AFM e MEV comprovaram a presença de nano rugosidades na superfície em G3; análises de EDS e Espectroscopia Raman, demonstraram aumento da camada do filme de TiO2 e a obtenção de anatase em G3. Na RP, nenhum implante apresentou halo radiolúcido. Na μTC, G3 foi sempre superior aos demais grupos nos parâmetros observados: BV, BV/TV, Tb.Th. No teste de torque reverso, houve necessidade de maior força de remoção dos implantes anodizados. No teste por MTT, os implantes experimentais foram atóxicos células. Conclui-se que a anodização utilizada neste estudo afetou positivamente a composição química e estrutural do filme de TiO2, melhorando suas características biológicas na osseointegração.
The Implantology is one of the areas of dentistry that has most evolved in recent decades. Many studies have been developed with the intention of optimizing the osseointegration process using nanotopography on the surface of the implants. Currently the surface of the anodizing process has stood out among these techniques. Thus, the aim of this research was to obtain nano roughness and anatase phase in dental Titanium implants, seeking for the optimization of the osseointegration. Sixty implants were characterized for morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); in chemical composition, by mass spectrometry detector energy scattering (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy; and finally, as the potential for corrosion, the electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS). Osteogenesis in vivo was compared by Periapical Radiography (PR), Computed Microtomography (μTC), removal reverse torque test; and in vitro analysis, it was performed by MTT cytotoxicity assay [(bromide 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-difeniltetrazoliol]. The implants were divided into G1 (control); Group 2 (sandblasted); Group 3 (anodized-experimental). Each rabbit received an implant of each group in the right and left tibias and five rabbits were euthanized 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. The implants of the right tibia underwent PR and μTC; and the left tibia, the reverse torque test and MTT cytotoxicity assay. AFM and SEM confirmed the presence of nano roughness on the surface in G3; EDS analysis and Raman spectroscopy showed increased TiO2 film layer and obtainment of anatase G3. In PR, no implant presented radiolucent halo. In μTC, G3 has always been higher than the other groups in the observed parameters: BV, BV / TV, Tb.Th. In the reverse torque test, It was required greater removal force of anodized implants. In the MTT test, the experimental implants were nontoxic to cells. It was conclude that the anodizing process used in this study positively affected the chemical and structural composition of TiO2 film, improving their biological characteristics at osseointegration.
The Implantology is one of the areas of dentistry that has most evolved in recent decades. Many studies have been developed with the intention of optimizing the osseointegration process using nanotopography on the surface of the implants. Currently the surface of the anodizing process has stood out among these techniques. Thus, the aim of this research was to obtain nano roughness and anatase phase in dental Titanium implants, seeking for the optimization of the osseointegration. Sixty implants were characterized for morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); in chemical composition, by mass spectrometry detector energy scattering (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy; and finally, as the potential for corrosion, the electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS). Osteogenesis in vivo was compared by Periapical Radiography (PR), Computed Microtomography (μTC), removal reverse torque test; and in vitro analysis, it was performed by MTT cytotoxicity assay [(bromide 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-difeniltetrazoliol]. The implants were divided into G1 (control); Group 2 (sandblasted); Group 3 (anodized-experimental). Each rabbit received an implant of each group in the right and left tibias and five rabbits were euthanized 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. The implants of the right tibia underwent PR and μTC; and the left tibia, the reverse torque test and MTT cytotoxicity assay. AFM and SEM confirmed the presence of nano roughness on the surface in G3; EDS analysis and Raman spectroscopy showed increased TiO2 film layer and obtainment of anatase G3. In PR, no implant presented radiolucent halo. In μTC, G3 has always been higher than the other groups in the observed parameters: BV, BV / TV, Tb.Th. In the reverse torque test, It was required greater removal force of anodized implants. In the MTT test, the experimental implants were nontoxic to cells. It was conclude that the anodizing process used in this study positively affected the chemical and structural composition of TiO2 film, improving their biological characteristics at osseointegration.
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Palavras-chave
Anodização, Microtomografia, Nanotecnologia, Osseointegração, Anodizing, Microtomography, Nanotechnology, Osseointegration