Desenvolvimento de uma câmara para combustão de combustíveis líquidos, operando sob regime de combustão sem chama visível
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Data
2016-03-04
Autores
Silva, Edson Orati da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Uma bancada de testes em escala de laboratório foi desenvolvida para operar em vários regimes de combustão, inclusive no regime de combustão sem chama visível com a queima de combustíveis líquidos, em particular, o biodiesel. As dimensões do queimador e da câmara foram determinadas com base na teoria de jatos confinados, a fim de se obter uma taxa de recirculação suficientemente elevada dos produtos de combustão com o aumento da vazão mássica de ar. A bancada permite variar a temperatura de pré-aquecimento do ar, o excesso de ar e a velocidade de injeção do ar. Um sistema de alimentação equipado com uma bomba de engrenagens foi desenvolvido para pulverizar o combustível no interior da câmara de combustão através de um atomizador do tipo pressure swirl. Foi necessário montar uma bancada de testes de atomização equipada com um sistema de injeção do combustível, um sistema de pré-aquecimento do combustível e um sistema de sucção para realizar as medidas do diâmetro médio das gotas com o uso de um equipamento da marca Spraytech. Os experimentos de combustão com elevados excessos de ar pré-aquecido a 600ºC revelaram que o comportamento da câmara atende às características típicas do regime de combustão sem chama visível. As observações visuais indicaram que os contornos da chama não foram distinguidos. Os níveis de ruídos sonoros foram reduzidos, as emissões de fuligem foram eliminadas e as emissões de NOx e CO foram significativamente reduzidas com o aumento do excesso de ar e da temperatura de pré-aquecimento do ar. Por outro lado, a operação do sistema com baixos excessos de ar resultou no aparecimento e no aumento do comprimento da chama, no escape da chama pela exaustão e no aumento das emissões de fuligem, acompanhado pelo aumento acentuado das emissões de CO, que são características do regime de combustão convencional. Assim, foi demonstrado que o sistema desenvolvido opera no regime de combustão sem chama visível com a queima de biodiesel, empregando um atomizador de uso comercial.
A laboratory scale experimental setup was developed to operate under various combustion regimes, including under the flameless combustion regime by burning liquid fuels, in particular, biodiesel. The burner and combustion chamber dimensions were determined based on the confined turbulent jet theory in order to achieve a sufficiently high combustion products recirculation rate with the increase of the air mass flow rate. The setup allows to manipulate the air preheat temperature, the excess air and the air injection velocity. A feed system equipped with a gear pump was developed to pulverize the fuel into the combustion chamber through a pressure swirl-type atomizer. It was necessary to build up an experimental setup for atomization equipped with a liquid fuel injection system, a fuel preheating system and a suction system in order to make the droplet mean diameter measurements with the aid of a piece of equipment which trademark is known as Spraytech. The combustion experiments with high excess air preheated at 600ºC revealed that the combustion chamber behavior follows the typical features of flameless combustion regime. Visual observations pointed out that the flame boundaries could not be distinguished. The combustor acoustic emissions were diminished, soot emissions were eliminated as well as NOx and CO emissions were significantly reduced with the increase of the excess air and the air preheat temperature. On the other hand, the system operation with low excess air coefficient resulted in the appearance and the increase of the flame length, the flame escape through the chamber exit and the increase of soot emissions, accompanied by the steep rise of CO emissions, which are the inherent features of the conventional combustion regime. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the developed system operates under flameless combustion regime by burning biodiesel, employing a commercially used atomizer.
A laboratory scale experimental setup was developed to operate under various combustion regimes, including under the flameless combustion regime by burning liquid fuels, in particular, biodiesel. The burner and combustion chamber dimensions were determined based on the confined turbulent jet theory in order to achieve a sufficiently high combustion products recirculation rate with the increase of the air mass flow rate. The setup allows to manipulate the air preheat temperature, the excess air and the air injection velocity. A feed system equipped with a gear pump was developed to pulverize the fuel into the combustion chamber through a pressure swirl-type atomizer. It was necessary to build up an experimental setup for atomization equipped with a liquid fuel injection system, a fuel preheating system and a suction system in order to make the droplet mean diameter measurements with the aid of a piece of equipment which trademark is known as Spraytech. The combustion experiments with high excess air preheated at 600ºC revealed that the combustion chamber behavior follows the typical features of flameless combustion regime. Visual observations pointed out that the flame boundaries could not be distinguished. The combustor acoustic emissions were diminished, soot emissions were eliminated as well as NOx and CO emissions were significantly reduced with the increase of the excess air and the air preheat temperature. On the other hand, the system operation with low excess air coefficient resulted in the appearance and the increase of the flame length, the flame escape through the chamber exit and the increase of soot emissions, accompanied by the steep rise of CO emissions, which are the inherent features of the conventional combustion regime. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the developed system operates under flameless combustion regime by burning biodiesel, employing a commercially used atomizer.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Combustão sem chama visível, Biodiesel, Emissões de poluentes, Atomizador pressure swirl, Redução de CO2, Flameless combustion, Biodiesel, Pollutants emissions, Pressure swirl atomizer, Emissions reduction