Viscosidade, tensão superficial e tamanho de gotas em caldas com formulações de inseticidas e fungicidas
Arquivos
Data
2016-06-29
Autores
Carvalho, Fernando Kassis [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a interferência de três tipos de formulações de inseticidas e fungicidas na tensão superficial, viscosidade e espectro de gotas de caldas de pulverização. O experimento foi conduzido na forma de um fatorial 2 x 3, duas classes de produtos fitossanitários e três tipos de formulações, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Quando recomendados em bula, adjuvantes foram adicionados às caldas de pulverização, sendo analisados separadamente daqueles tratamentos sem adjuvantes. Cada tipo de formulação foi representado por cinco produtos comerciais. As formulações utilizadas foram concentrado emulsionável (EC), suspensão concentrada (SC) e granulado dispersível (WG). As concentrações das caldas foram simuladas para uma taxa de aplicação de 50 L ha-1 e as pulverizações foram realizadas utilizando-se a ponta XR 8003VS, na pressão de 200 kPa. A formulação WG resultou nos maiores valores de tensão superficial (TS) e percentual do volume aplicado composto por gotas menores do que 100 µm (%<100 µm), e os menores valores de diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV). O acréscimo de adjuvantes à base de óleo mineral e vegetal aumentou o DMV e reduziu a amplitude relativa do espectro de gotas (AR), TS e o %<100 µm comparado aos mesmos tratamentos sem adjuvantes. A formação de emulsões, decorrentes do uso dos adjuvantes ou de formulações EC, foi mais eficaz em reduzir o %<100 µm, AR e a TS e em aumentar o DMV do que aquelas que formaram dispersões, representadas pelas formulações WG e SC de inseticidas e fungicidas. A formulação dos produtos comerciais deve ser considerada como fator para o planejamento da segurança ambiental e qualidade das aplicações, uma vez que existe um padrão de interferência das formulações de inseticidas e fungicidas avaliadas na AR, DMV, DV01, esfericidade e %<100 µm.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of tree types of formulations of insecticides and fungicides on surface tension, viscosity, and droplet size spectra of spray solutions. It was conducted in a 2 x 3 factorial design, two classes of pesticides and tree types of formulations, in a completely randomized experiment. When it was prescribed on the label, adjuvants were mixed on the spray solution, but these treatments were analyzed apart from those without adjuvants. Each type of formulation was represented by five commercial products. The selected formulations types were emulsifiable concentrate (EC), suspension concentrate (SC) and water dispersible granules (WG). The concentrations of the spray solutions were calculated supposing a spray rate of 50 L ha-1 and the applications were done using a XR 8003VS nozzle, at operating pressure of 200 kPa. The WG formulation resulted on the highest surface tension (ST) and percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm (%<100 µm), and the lowest volume median diameter (VMD). The use of mineral and vegetal oils increased the VMD and decreased the relative Span, ST and %<100 µm, compared with the respective treatments without adjuvants. The formation of emulsions, resulted from using the adjuvants or EC formulations, on the spray solutions were more efficient on decreasing the %<100 µm, RS, and ST, and on increasing VMD than those formulations that resulted on the formation of dispersions, represented by WG and SC formulations of insecticides and fungicides. Formulations of commercial pesticides may be considered an aspect for planning the protection of the environment and the quality of spray applications, once it exists a pattern of interference of the studied formulations of insecticides and fungicides on relative Span, VMD, DV01, sphericity and %<100 µm.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of tree types of formulations of insecticides and fungicides on surface tension, viscosity, and droplet size spectra of spray solutions. It was conducted in a 2 x 3 factorial design, two classes of pesticides and tree types of formulations, in a completely randomized experiment. When it was prescribed on the label, adjuvants were mixed on the spray solution, but these treatments were analyzed apart from those without adjuvants. Each type of formulation was represented by five commercial products. The selected formulations types were emulsifiable concentrate (EC), suspension concentrate (SC) and water dispersible granules (WG). The concentrations of the spray solutions were calculated supposing a spray rate of 50 L ha-1 and the applications were done using a XR 8003VS nozzle, at operating pressure of 200 kPa. The WG formulation resulted on the highest surface tension (ST) and percentage of droplets smaller than 100 µm (%<100 µm), and the lowest volume median diameter (VMD). The use of mineral and vegetal oils increased the VMD and decreased the relative Span, ST and %<100 µm, compared with the respective treatments without adjuvants. The formation of emulsions, resulted from using the adjuvants or EC formulations, on the spray solutions were more efficient on decreasing the %<100 µm, RS, and ST, and on increasing VMD than those formulations that resulted on the formation of dispersions, represented by WG and SC formulations of insecticides and fungicides. Formulations of commercial pesticides may be considered an aspect for planning the protection of the environment and the quality of spray applications, once it exists a pattern of interference of the studied formulations of insecticides and fungicides on relative Span, VMD, DV01, sphericity and %<100 µm.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adjuvantes, Tecnologia de Aplicação, Concentrado emulsionável, Suspensão Concentrada, Granulado dispersível, Adjuvants, Application Technology, Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Suspension concentrate (SC), Water dispersible granules (WG)