Aspectos fisiológicos e nutricionais do alumínio em duas espécies cítricas e uma de cerrado em cultivo com solução nutritiva
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Data
2016-08-26
Autores
Banhos, Otávia Faria dos Anjos Abdo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O alumínio (Al3+) é tóxico para a maioria das plantas e é um fator limitante para o crescimento das plantas e para a produtividade das culturas em todo o mundo. Os efeitos do Al foram estudados em plantas de laranjeira-doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) enxertadas em porta-enxerto sensível ao Al, o limoeiro (Citrus limonia cv. ‘Cravo’), em uma espécie nativa do Cerrado não-acumuladora de Al (Styrax camporum) e em limoeiro ‘Cravo’ não enxertado. Foram estudadas doses de Al (0, 185, 370, 555 e 740 M Al) em plantas cultivadas em areia e em solução nutritiva pH 4.0 contendo 0 e 1480 M, o acúmulo de Al nos órgãos desses genótipos, as trocas gasosas, o desempenho fotoquímico da clorofila a e o potencial da água na folha. A composição qímica nominal dessa solução foi testada pelo software Geochem-EZ e resultou em mais de 85% de Al3+ livre disponível. Nas raízes, estudamos as alterações anatômicas. Todos esses parâmetros foram estudados em resposta à perturbação causada pelo Al no ambiente radicular. Para causar perturbação em laranjeiras enxertadas em limoeiro ‘Cravo’, a disponibilidade de Al no substrato deve ser maior que 55%. Solução nutritiva contendo até 1480 M Al causa alterações fisiológicas em limoeiro ‘Cravo’ após 45 dias e esta concentração de Al em solução é toxica para as plantas de Styrax camporum.
Aluminum (Al3+) is toxic to most plants and is a factor limiting plant growth and crop yields throughout the world. Aluminum effects were studied in sweet-orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) plants grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia), an Al-sensitive plant, in a non-Al-accumulating plant (Styrax camporum) from the Cerrado vegetation, and also in non-grafted ‘Rangpur’ lime plants. Plants under increasing Al concentrations (0, 185, 370, 555 and 740 M Al), which were cultivated in sand and plants cultivated directly in nutrient solutions containing 0 and 1480 M Al were used for studying the accumulation of Al in their organs, gas exchange, chlorophyll photochemical performance and leaf water potential. The nominal chemical composition of this solution was tested on Geochem-EZ software, and it resulted in more than 85% free Al3+ available. Anatomical alterations were also studied in roots. All these parameters were studied in response to the Al disturbance in the root environment. Aluminum availability in the substrate must be higher than 55% to cause disturbances in sweet-orange plants grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstocks. Nutrient solution containing up to 1480 M Al cause physiological alterations in non-grafted ‘Rangpur’ lime plants after 45 days, and this Al concentration is toxic to Styrax camporum plants.
Aluminum (Al3+) is toxic to most plants and is a factor limiting plant growth and crop yields throughout the world. Aluminum effects were studied in sweet-orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) plants grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia), an Al-sensitive plant, in a non-Al-accumulating plant (Styrax camporum) from the Cerrado vegetation, and also in non-grafted ‘Rangpur’ lime plants. Plants under increasing Al concentrations (0, 185, 370, 555 and 740 M Al), which were cultivated in sand and plants cultivated directly in nutrient solutions containing 0 and 1480 M Al were used for studying the accumulation of Al in their organs, gas exchange, chlorophyll photochemical performance and leaf water potential. The nominal chemical composition of this solution was tested on Geochem-EZ software, and it resulted in more than 85% free Al3+ available. Anatomical alterations were also studied in roots. All these parameters were studied in response to the Al disturbance in the root environment. Aluminum availability in the substrate must be higher than 55% to cause disturbances in sweet-orange plants grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstocks. Nutrient solution containing up to 1480 M Al cause physiological alterations in non-grafted ‘Rangpur’ lime plants after 45 days, and this Al concentration is toxic to Styrax camporum plants.
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Palavras-chave
Aluminum, Citrus, Leaf gas exchange parameters, Nutrient solution, Cerrado woody species