O Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco: a gestão das águas e a transposição do Rio São Francisco
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Data
2016-10-11
Autores
Pires, Ana Paula Novais [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco (CBHSF), criado por Decreto Presidencial em 2001, objetiva concretizar a gestão descentralizada e participativa das águas do Rio São Francisco. O Rio escoa superficialmente por 2.700 km entre a nascente, na Serra da Canastra (MG), à foz, em meio aos estados Sergipe (SE) e Alagoas (AL). O Rio compreende ainda os estados da Bahia (BA), Pernambuco (PE), parte de Goiás (GO) e do Distrito Federal (DF). Assim sendo, este estudo objetiva analisar a gestão hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco a partir do CBHSF e o papel do comitê perante à transposição do Rio São Francisco para as bacias hidrográficas do Nordeste Setentrional. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa é dividida em pesquisa teórica, embasada em autores que estudam a temática da água e a sua transformação em recurso, as nuances do coronelismo das águas no Nordeste Semiárido no contexto da transposição; a dinâmica natural e a política na bacia hidrográfica – ecossistema aberto e espaço institucional; além do papel dos comitês de bacias no processo de descentralização na gestão hídrica brasileira, especificando o Rio São Francisco, seu comitê interestadual e os comitês estaduais. As pesquisas documentais são contempladas na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, Lei Federal N.º 9.433/1997; nos acervos documentais do CBHSF, além de órgãos que participam do projeto de transposição, como a Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), o Ministério da Integração Nacional e o Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA). Tais pesquisas objetivam entender como se configura a gestão das águas do Rio São Francisco, a atuação do CBHSF e dos demais comitês da bacia frente ao projeto e obras da transposição, a partir do papel deliberativo exposto pela legislação hídrica. Demais dados foram obtidos com a utilização, como técnica de pesquisa, de roteiro de entrevista estruturado à Diretoria Executiva do CBHSF e dos comitês estaduais, e aos servidores da ANA que atuam no apoio à gestão das águas do Rio São Francisco, bem como com a participação na XXVIII Plenária Ordinária do Comitê. Pôde-se evidenciar, portanto, que o projeto de transposição do Rio São Francisco foi aprovado, contrariando o posicionamento do CBHSF e apesar do comitê ter judicializado a questão, não há na legislação hídrica brasileira uma jurisprudência para conflitos pelo uso da água entre diferentes bacias hidrográficas (bacia doadora e receptoras). Assim, as grandes obras hídricas, como é o caso da transposição, trazem à tona os limites de atuação dos comitês de bacias e reforçam o fortalecimento do agrohidronegócio no Semiárido nordestino, fortalecido por políticas públicas para os recursos hídricos, conforme propô-se na hipótese de estudo.
The River Basin Committee San Francisco was created by Presidential Decree in 2001, aims to achieve a decentralized and participatory of the São Francisco River waters. The river flows superficially 2,700 km between the source in Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais), the mouth, among the states Sergipe (SE) and Alagoas (AL). Rio also includes the states of Bahia (BA), Pernambuco (PE), part of Goiás (GO) and the Federal District (FD). Therefore, this study aims to analyze water management in the basin of the Rio San Francisco from CBHSF and the role of the committee before the transposition of the São Francisco River for the river basins of northern Northeast. This question is problematic as the functional power of the committee, contrary to the project, whose budget was approved by the Federal Government and the works were initiated. Therefore, this study aims to analyze water management in the basin of the São Francisco River from its committee in order to understand how the approval of the project and the works of transposition countered the committee's activities. Through a qualitative approach, the research is divided into theoretical research, based on authors who study the theme of water and its transformation into a resource, the historical coronelismo of the water in the Northeast semi-arid region in the context of implementation; the natural dynamics and politics in the basin - open ecosystem and institutional space; beyond the role of the basin committees in the decentralization process in Brazilian water management, specifying the São Francisco River, its interstate committee and state committees. The documentary research are addressed in the National Water Resources Policy, Law No. 9.433/1997; the documentary collections of the committee, and bodies participating in the implementation of the project, such as the National Water Agency the Ministry of National Integration and the Ministry of Environment. These studies aim to understand how to configure the management of the São Francisco waters, the performance of San Francisco committee and other committees in the bowl against the design and construction of the transposition from the deliberative role exposed by water legislation. Other data were obtained with the use as a research technique, interview structured report to the Executive Board of San Francisco committee and state committees, and servers ANA operating in support for water management of the São Francisco River, as well as the participation in the XXVIII Ordinary Session of the Committee. It was possible to show, therefore, that the transposition project of the São Francisco River was approved, contrary to the position of CBHSF and despite the committee have judicialized the question, it is in the Brazilian water law jurisprudence to conflict over water use between different basins river (donor and recipient basin). Thus, large water works, as is the case of transposition, bring out the limits of action of the basin committees and reinforce the strengthening of agrohidronegócio in the northeastern semi-arid strengthened by public policies for water resources, as propose the hypothesis study.
The River Basin Committee San Francisco was created by Presidential Decree in 2001, aims to achieve a decentralized and participatory of the São Francisco River waters. The river flows superficially 2,700 km between the source in Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais), the mouth, among the states Sergipe (SE) and Alagoas (AL). Rio also includes the states of Bahia (BA), Pernambuco (PE), part of Goiás (GO) and the Federal District (FD). Therefore, this study aims to analyze water management in the basin of the Rio San Francisco from CBHSF and the role of the committee before the transposition of the São Francisco River for the river basins of northern Northeast. This question is problematic as the functional power of the committee, contrary to the project, whose budget was approved by the Federal Government and the works were initiated. Therefore, this study aims to analyze water management in the basin of the São Francisco River from its committee in order to understand how the approval of the project and the works of transposition countered the committee's activities. Through a qualitative approach, the research is divided into theoretical research, based on authors who study the theme of water and its transformation into a resource, the historical coronelismo of the water in the Northeast semi-arid region in the context of implementation; the natural dynamics and politics in the basin - open ecosystem and institutional space; beyond the role of the basin committees in the decentralization process in Brazilian water management, specifying the São Francisco River, its interstate committee and state committees. The documentary research are addressed in the National Water Resources Policy, Law No. 9.433/1997; the documentary collections of the committee, and bodies participating in the implementation of the project, such as the National Water Agency the Ministry of National Integration and the Ministry of Environment. These studies aim to understand how to configure the management of the São Francisco waters, the performance of San Francisco committee and other committees in the bowl against the design and construction of the transposition from the deliberative role exposed by water legislation. Other data were obtained with the use as a research technique, interview structured report to the Executive Board of San Francisco committee and state committees, and servers ANA operating in support for water management of the São Francisco River, as well as the participation in the XXVIII Ordinary Session of the Committee. It was possible to show, therefore, that the transposition project of the São Francisco River was approved, contrary to the position of CBHSF and despite the committee have judicialized the question, it is in the Brazilian water law jurisprudence to conflict over water use between different basins river (donor and recipient basin). Thus, large water works, as is the case of transposition, bring out the limits of action of the basin committees and reinforce the strengthening of agrohidronegócio in the northeastern semi-arid strengthened by public policies for water resources, as propose the hypothesis study.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rio São Francisco, Transposição, Comitê de bacia, Gestão das águas, San Francisco River, Transposition, River basin committee, Water management, Río San Francisco, Transposición, Comité de cuenca, La gestión del agua