Zinco na nutrição e saúde de frangos de corte
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Data
2016-11-18
Autores
Rezende, Juliana Cristina Ramos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o efeito dos níveis de zinco na dieta de frangos de corte, sobre o desempenho, a imunidade e saúde. O ensaio foi realizado em aviário experimental, o delineamento foi inteiramente casualisado com cinco níveis de zinco, totalizando 5 tratamentos com sete repetições, os tratamentos consistiram em 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da exigência de zinco segundo Rostagno et al. (2011), sendo o tratamento 100% (controle): 81,3; 71,5; 65 ppm de zinco nas fases pré-incial, inicial e crescimento, respectivamente. As aves foram divididas em boxes, sendo cada box uma unidade experimental com 33 aves cada. E aos 35 dias de idade foi realizado um desafio com LPS de E. coli. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho: conversão alimentar, consumo de ração, peso corporal, ganho de peso e viabilidade; bioquímicos: zinco no sangue, superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase no soro sanguíneo; e imunológico: título de anticorpos para doença de Newcastle de 1 a 35 dias de idade. Após os 35 dias de idade foram avaliados peso relativo de órgãos, o teor de zinco na tíbia inteira, fêmur sem a medula óssea, medula óssea do fêmur e no fígado, atividade da superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase no soro sanguíneo e no fígado e a produção de reativos de oxigênio e nitrogênio por macrófagos peritoniais; em todos os níveis de zinco em aves desafiadas por LPS ou não. Os dados foram avaliados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) através do procedimento General Lineal Model (GLM), com auxílio do programa estatístico SAS 9.3. O nível ótimo de zinco dietético foi determinado pela análise de regressão no modelo da Nova Compartimental (y=〖ae〗^(-bx)/((1+ e^(-c(x-d) )))) utilizando-se o programa Excel (xlsx) com exceção dos dados de Peroxido de Hidrogênio e Oxido Nítrico em que o nível ótimo de zinco dietético foi determinado pela análise de regressão, Broken Line, utilizando-se o procedimento Proc Reg do SAS 9.3, com o auxílio do programa Origin. A suplementação de zinco na forma de óxido de zinco em dietas de frangos de corte pode influenciar o ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e consumo de ração de 1 a 21 dias de idade, em aves criadas em galpão, com ponto ótimo 128% da exigência estimada por Rostagno et al. (2011). A mesma suplementação e nas mesmas condições, não influencia o desempenho de 1 a 35 dias de idade e não apresenta melhorias evidentes no status antioxidante e imunológico das aves. A partir dos 35 dias de idade em aves desafiadas verificou-se que a suplementação de zinco acima dos níveis recomendados para dietas de frangos de corte até 35 dias de idade influencia negativamente a produção de peróxido de hidrogênio e de oxido nítrico por macrófagos peritoneais, em aves desafiados ou não com o lipopolissacarídeo de Escherichia coli. Os melhores resultados para resposta imunológica primária foram obtidos com a suplementação de 100% da exigência estimada por Rostagno et al. (2011). Pode-se dizer que a suplementação de 139% de zinco da exigência preconizada por Rostagno et al. (2011) aumenta a atividade da glutationa peroxidase no soro, bem como aumenta o teor de zinco no fígado das aves.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc levels on the broiler diet on performance, immunity and health. The experiment was carried out in experimental fowl, the design was completely randomized with five levels of zinc, totaling 5 treatments with seven replicates, treatments consisted of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the zinc requirement according to Rostagno et al. (2011), the treatment being 100% (control): 81.3; 71.5; 65 ppm of zinc in the pre-intial, initial and growth phases, respectively. The birds were divided into boxes, each box being an experimental unit with 33 birds each. And at 35 days of age a challenge was performed with E. coli LPS. Performance parameters were evaluated: feed conversion, feed intake, body weight, weight gain and viability; Biochemicals: zinc in the blood, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum; And immunological: titer of antibodies to Newcastle disease from 1 to 35 days of age. After 35 days of age, relative body weight, zinc content in the entire tibia, femur without the bone marrow, bone marrow of the femur and liver, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum and liver were evaluated. Production of oxygen and nitrogen reactives by peritoneal macrophages; At all levels of zinc in LPS challenged birds or not. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure, using the statistical program SAS 9.3. The optimal level of dietary zinc was determined by the Regression analysis in the New Compartmental (y=〖ae〗^(-bx)/((1+ e^(-c(x-d) )))) using the program Excel (xlsx) with the exception of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide data in which the optimum level of dietary zinc was determined by the regression analysis, Broken Line, using the Proc Reg procedure of SAS 9.3, with the aid of the Origin program . Zinc supplementation in the form of zinc oxide in broiler diets can influence weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake from 1 to 21 days of age in poultry reared in shed, with a best point of 128% of the requirement Estimated by Rostagno et al. (2011). The same supplementation and under the same conditions does not influence the performance from 1 to 35 days of age and does not show evident improvements in the antioxidant and immunological status of the birds. From 35 days of age on challenged birds it was found that zinc supplementation above recommended levels for broiler diets up to 35 days of age negatively influences the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peritoneal macrophages in Birds challenged or not with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The best results for primary immune response were obtained with the 100% supplementation of the requirement estimated by Rostagno et al. (2011). It can be said that the 139% zinc supplementation of the requirement recommended by Rostagno et al. (2011) increases the activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum as well as increases the zinc content in the liver of birds.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc levels on the broiler diet on performance, immunity and health. The experiment was carried out in experimental fowl, the design was completely randomized with five levels of zinc, totaling 5 treatments with seven replicates, treatments consisted of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the zinc requirement according to Rostagno et al. (2011), the treatment being 100% (control): 81.3; 71.5; 65 ppm of zinc in the pre-intial, initial and growth phases, respectively. The birds were divided into boxes, each box being an experimental unit with 33 birds each. And at 35 days of age a challenge was performed with E. coli LPS. Performance parameters were evaluated: feed conversion, feed intake, body weight, weight gain and viability; Biochemicals: zinc in the blood, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum; And immunological: titer of antibodies to Newcastle disease from 1 to 35 days of age. After 35 days of age, relative body weight, zinc content in the entire tibia, femur without the bone marrow, bone marrow of the femur and liver, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum and liver were evaluated. Production of oxygen and nitrogen reactives by peritoneal macrophages; At all levels of zinc in LPS challenged birds or not. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure, using the statistical program SAS 9.3. The optimal level of dietary zinc was determined by the Regression analysis in the New Compartmental (y=〖ae〗^(-bx)/((1+ e^(-c(x-d) )))) using the program Excel (xlsx) with the exception of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide data in which the optimum level of dietary zinc was determined by the regression analysis, Broken Line, using the Proc Reg procedure of SAS 9.3, with the aid of the Origin program . Zinc supplementation in the form of zinc oxide in broiler diets can influence weight gain, feed conversion and feed intake from 1 to 21 days of age in poultry reared in shed, with a best point of 128% of the requirement Estimated by Rostagno et al. (2011). The same supplementation and under the same conditions does not influence the performance from 1 to 35 days of age and does not show evident improvements in the antioxidant and immunological status of the birds. From 35 days of age on challenged birds it was found that zinc supplementation above recommended levels for broiler diets up to 35 days of age negatively influences the production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by peritoneal macrophages in Birds challenged or not with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The best results for primary immune response were obtained with the 100% supplementation of the requirement estimated by Rostagno et al. (2011). It can be said that the 139% zinc supplementation of the requirement recommended by Rostagno et al. (2011) increases the activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum as well as increases the zinc content in the liver of birds.
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Palavras-chave
Antioxidante, Desafio, Mineral, Sistema imune, Antioxidant, Challenge, Imune system, Mineral