Cartografia escolar na educação infantil: descobrindo o mundo à sua volta
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Data
2016-10-31
Autores
Fasseira, Mônica Yohana Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa surge a partir das inquietações vividas pela autora, quando lecionou em uma escola de Educação Infantil, onde foi possível observar algumas dificuldades das demais professoras em mediar conceitos da Geografia e da Cartografia, inseridos na temática “Natureza e sociedade”, contidos no cotidiano escolar dos alunos dessa etapa. Dentre os questionamentos que surgem ao pensar o percurso do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, em relação aos conteúdos geográficos e cartográficos, vem a necessidade de compreender de que maneira se desenvolvem as aquisições das noções de tempo e espaço durante os primeiros anos da infância. Diante deste desafio, o objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em apresentar uma sequência didática, com propostas de atividades pedagógicas para compor planos de aula direcionados a crianças de 4 e 6 anos da Educação Infantil, auxiliando no entendimento de conceitos geográficos. Para isso, foram realizadas observações e análises da rotina pedagógica junto à turma do “Grupo 4” (crianças de 4 anos a 6 anos), do Centro de Convivência Infantil da Unesp de Rio Claro/SP. Em busca de compreender a estrutura do pensamento das crianças, suas ações e reações, percepção espacial e suas experiências adquiridas junto ao meio em que vivem, este trabalho foi pautado em obras de Vygotsky e sua teoria de zona de desenvolvimento proximal, processo de mediação e o desenvolvimento sociocultural do indivíduo. Diversas atividades foram desenvolvidas, tendo como resultado uma sequência didática composta por planos de aula elaborados, tendo como tema principal, o “Sistema Solar”, possibilitando trabalhar os conceitos “Dia e noite – interação entre o planeta Terra e o Sol”, “Lua e o planeta Terra – características da Lua e o eclipse” e, finalizando, “As quatro estações do ano – movimento de translação e as interferências sobre a Terra”.
This research comes from the worries experienced by the author while teaching in a Primary School, where it was possible to observe some difficulties that the other teachers had to mediate concepts about Geography and Cartography, both part of the theme “Nature and society”, included in the school routine of the students in such stage. Among the questions that arise when thinking about the course of the teaching and learning process, related to the geographic and cartographic contents, it becomes necessary to understand how the acquisition of notions about time and space are developed in the first years of the childhood. Facing this challenge, the main goal of this research was to present a didactic sequence, with proposals of pedagogical activities to form lesson plans for children from 4 to 6 years old, in the Early Childhood Education, helping them during the understanding of the geographic concepts. In order to do that, observations and analysis of the pedagogical routine with the students were performed in “Group 4” (children from 4 to 6 years old), from the Centro de Convivência Infantil of Unesp, Rio Claro/SP. Seeking to comprehend the structure of children’s thoughts, their actions and reactions, space perception and the experience acquired within the environment where they live, this work was based on Vygotsky’s studies and his theory about the zone of proximal development, the mediation process, and the sociocultural development of the individual. Many activities were developed with them, having as result a didactic sequence composed of elaborated lesson plans. The main theme was “The Solar System”, which made possible to work on the concepts “Day and night – interaction between the Earth and the Sun”, “The Moon and the Earth – Moon features and the eclipse” and, to conclude, “The four seasons of the year – the revolution movement and its interferences on Earth”.
This research comes from the worries experienced by the author while teaching in a Primary School, where it was possible to observe some difficulties that the other teachers had to mediate concepts about Geography and Cartography, both part of the theme “Nature and society”, included in the school routine of the students in such stage. Among the questions that arise when thinking about the course of the teaching and learning process, related to the geographic and cartographic contents, it becomes necessary to understand how the acquisition of notions about time and space are developed in the first years of the childhood. Facing this challenge, the main goal of this research was to present a didactic sequence, with proposals of pedagogical activities to form lesson plans for children from 4 to 6 years old, in the Early Childhood Education, helping them during the understanding of the geographic concepts. In order to do that, observations and analysis of the pedagogical routine with the students were performed in “Group 4” (children from 4 to 6 years old), from the Centro de Convivência Infantil of Unesp, Rio Claro/SP. Seeking to comprehend the structure of children’s thoughts, their actions and reactions, space perception and the experience acquired within the environment where they live, this work was based on Vygotsky’s studies and his theory about the zone of proximal development, the mediation process, and the sociocultural development of the individual. Many activities were developed with them, having as result a didactic sequence composed of elaborated lesson plans. The main theme was “The Solar System”, which made possible to work on the concepts “Day and night – interaction between the Earth and the Sun”, “The Moon and the Earth – Moon features and the eclipse” and, to conclude, “The four seasons of the year – the revolution movement and its interferences on Earth”.
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Palavras-chave
Cartografia Escolar, Ensino, Educação Infantil, Geografia, School Cartography, Education, Early Childhood Education, Geography