Ensino colaborativo e desenvolvimento da abordagem construcionista contextualizada e significativa na perspectiva da inclusão
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Data
2016-09-23
Autores
Rocha, Naiara Chierici da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa de Mestrado foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCT/UNESP) e inserida na linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem”. Contou com o financiamento da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Parte-se da hipótese de que é possível promover um ensino de Matemática para todos os estudantes valorizando as suas especificidades e potencialidades. No entanto, ensinar Matemática na perspectiva inclusiva não é uma tarefa simples, pois é preciso ensinar com vistas às diferentes necessidades dos estudantes de forma que todos possam construir seu próprio conhecimento. Para isso é necessário enfrentar os desafios da escola básica frente aos princípios da inclusão, e sendo assim, é imprescindível buscar estratégias de ensino que contemplem a todos no ambiente escolar. Nesta perspectiva, esta pesquisa pautou-se na abordagem Construcionista, Contextualizada e Significativa (CCS) usando como estratégia o desenvolvimento de Projetos para articular o ensino comum e o especial partindo da concepção de um ensino colaborativo como apoio à inclusão escolar. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral foi analisar a articulação do trabalho do professor de Matemática da sala comum com o professor especializado em Deficiência Intelectual (DI) a partir de uma proposta de ensino colaborativo baseado na abordagem CCS. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo. Duas professoras (professora de Matemática e professora especializada em DI) participaram da pesquisa e, por meio da abordagem CCS, utilizando como estratégia a Metodologia de Projetos realizaram um planejamento de ensino em colaboração que foi desenvolvido em uma sala de aula do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental II com todos os estudantes, entre eles duas estudantes com DI. A coleta de dados foi efetivada por meio de observação, entrevistas e intervenção na escola em que a parte empírica da pesquisa ocorreu. A seleção e a análise dos dados foram realizadas com base na leitura sistemática e minuciosa de todos os registros do diário de campo da pesquisadora e da transcrição das entrevistas para a definição e análise de categorias. Analisou-se, portanto, quatro categorias: 1) A articulação do trabalho das professoras participantes com o enfoque para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de ensino em conjunto; 2) O planejamento de atividades centradas no interesse dos estudantes; 3) A participação das estudantes com DI nas atividades da sala de aula comum; e ainda, 4) O ensino colaborativo e abordagem CCS como apoio à inclusão escolar. Assim, foi possível identificar os desafios e as possibilidades de um ensino colaborativo no ambiente escolar e as especificidades do contexto pesquisado no que tange o trabalho pedagógico das professoras participantes. Também se notou a efetivação da articulação dos trabalhos colaborativos a partir da abordagem CCS e a Metodologia de Projetos. A pesquisa revelou que com essas abordagens torna-se possível desenvolver um ensino inclusivo, no desenvolvimento de estratégias pedagógicas que visem a participação, a autonomia, e a aprendizagem de todos os estudantes do ambiente escolar. Como resultado final se espera contribuir para a efetivação de propostas colaborativas em diversos outros contextos escolares almejando a inclusão escolar.
This master research was developed in Education Post-Graduation Program at the Science and Technology College – São Paulo State University (FCT/UNESP) on research program “Formative Process, Teaching and Learning”. Received CAPES research funding. It starts with the hypothesis that it is possible to promote mathematics education for all students valuing their specific characteristics and potential. However, teach mathematics in inclusive perspective is not a simple task, it is necessary to teach considering the different students’ skills in a way that everyone can build their own knowledge. For this, it was necessary to face the primary school challenges facing to the inclusion principles, and so it is essential to seek teaching strategies what include everyone in the school environment. This research was based on Constructivist, Contextualized and Meaningful (CCS) approach, using Projects as strategy to articulate the common and special education in a collaborative conception to support the scholar inclusion. In this context, the main aim was to analyze the articulation between Mathematic teacher and the professor Intellectual Disabilities (ID) specialization from a collaborative teaching based on the CCS approach. This is a qualitative research. Two teachers (a math teacher and a specialized in ID teacher) participated in the survey and through the CCS approach, using as strategy the Project Methodology, made an educational planning in collaboration that was developed with all student from a sixth year elementary classroom, including two students with ID. Data collection was carry out through observation, interviews and empirical intervention in the school. The data selection and analysis fallowed the systematic and field diary records thorough reading and the interviews transcription to define analysis categories. Four categories were analyzed: 1) the participating teachers joint work focusing to teaching strategies development; 2) planning activities centered on student interest; 3) The students with ID participation in activities of common classroom; and 4) Collaborative teaching and CCS approach as support for school inclusion. Thus, it was possible to identify the collaborative challenges and possibilities learned in the school environment and the research specificities context regarding the teachers pedagogical work and the teachers participating. It was also note the articulation effectiveness of the collaborative works from CCS and Project Methodology approach. The research revealed that with these approaches it is possible to develop an inclusive education, creating educational strategies to participation, autonomy, and learning of all students in the school. Expected to contribute to the collaborative proposals realization in several other school contexts focusing to school inclusion.
This master research was developed in Education Post-Graduation Program at the Science and Technology College – São Paulo State University (FCT/UNESP) on research program “Formative Process, Teaching and Learning”. Received CAPES research funding. It starts with the hypothesis that it is possible to promote mathematics education for all students valuing their specific characteristics and potential. However, teach mathematics in inclusive perspective is not a simple task, it is necessary to teach considering the different students’ skills in a way that everyone can build their own knowledge. For this, it was necessary to face the primary school challenges facing to the inclusion principles, and so it is essential to seek teaching strategies what include everyone in the school environment. This research was based on Constructivist, Contextualized and Meaningful (CCS) approach, using Projects as strategy to articulate the common and special education in a collaborative conception to support the scholar inclusion. In this context, the main aim was to analyze the articulation between Mathematic teacher and the professor Intellectual Disabilities (ID) specialization from a collaborative teaching based on the CCS approach. This is a qualitative research. Two teachers (a math teacher and a specialized in ID teacher) participated in the survey and through the CCS approach, using as strategy the Project Methodology, made an educational planning in collaboration that was developed with all student from a sixth year elementary classroom, including two students with ID. Data collection was carry out through observation, interviews and empirical intervention in the school. The data selection and analysis fallowed the systematic and field diary records thorough reading and the interviews transcription to define analysis categories. Four categories were analyzed: 1) the participating teachers joint work focusing to teaching strategies development; 2) planning activities centered on student interest; 3) The students with ID participation in activities of common classroom; and 4) Collaborative teaching and CCS approach as support for school inclusion. Thus, it was possible to identify the collaborative challenges and possibilities learned in the school environment and the research specificities context regarding the teachers pedagogical work and the teachers participating. It was also note the articulation effectiveness of the collaborative works from CCS and Project Methodology approach. The research revealed that with these approaches it is possible to develop an inclusive education, creating educational strategies to participation, autonomy, and learning of all students in the school. Expected to contribute to the collaborative proposals realization in several other school contexts focusing to school inclusion.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino colaborativo, Deficiência Intelectual, Abordagem CCS, Trabalho com projetos, Educação especial e inclusiva