Nutrição do tomateiro cultivado em sistema orgânico com a aplicação de biofertilizantes através da fertirrigação
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Data
2016-11-10
Autores
Almeida, Luciana Gomes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa estudar a curva de crescimento e absorção de nutrientes do tomateiro ‘Débora Victory’, cultivado em sistema orgânico a campo, em Itápolis-SP e estudar os teores de N, P e K de seis biofertilizantes ao longo do processo de fermentação. Para avaliação do híbrido Débora Victory, os tratamentos foram constituídos por nove épocas de amostragem, aos 2, 32, 46, 60, 77, 91, 109, 122 e 137 dias após o transplante (DAT) realizado em 01/04/2014. As plantas atingiram acúmulo estimado de massa seca e fresca total na última coleta de 550,2 e 9.528,2 g planta-1, respectivamente. A ordem decrescente do acúmulo total de nutrientes foi K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg, com valores estimados de 22,6; 10,4; 5,0; 2,3; 2,1 e 1,6 g planta-1, respectivamente. Na última coleta, o maior acúmulo de N, P, K ocorreu nos frutos e de Ca, S e Mg na parte vegetativa (caule+folhas+ inflorescências). O estudo da composição dos biofertilizantes foi constituído por seis biofertilizantes, elaborados com a mesma base para a fermentação (composta de 1 kg de farelo de arroz, 250 mL de melaço, 250 mL de microorganismos, marca EMBIOTIC, misturados em 15 litros de água), diferindo entre si pelo acréscimo de um ingrediente: T1 = torta de mamona (2 kg); T2 = farinha de sangue (2 kg); T3 = pó de casco e chifres (2 kg); T4 = farinha de ossos (2 kg); T5 = farinha de sangue (1 kg); T6 = farinha de ossos (1 kg) e cinco momentos de avaliação, aos 3, 7, 15, 22 e 30 dias após o preparo (DAP) dos biofertilizantes. Em cada momento foram analisados os teores de N, P e K e a condutividade elétrica. O biofertilizante a base de pó de casco e chifres apresentou maior teor de N do que os outros, alcançando o teor de 6,8 g L-1 aos 30 DAP. Os biofertilizantes a base de torta de mamona e pó de casco e chifres apresentaram maior teor de P, com médias de 3,2 e 2,6 g L-1, respectivamente, do que os de farinha de ossos (1 e 2 kg). O biofertilizante a base de torta de mamona apresentou maior teor de K, média de 2,5 g L-1, do que todos os demais, que foram iguais entre si. Independente do tipo de biofertilizante, os teores de K não se alteraram, os de N e a condutividade elétrica aumentaram e os de P reduziram ao longo do tempo de fermentação até os 30 DAP.
The objective of this research was to study the growth curve and absorption of nutrients in tomato 'Debora Victory', grown in organic system field in Itápolis-SP and to study the contents of N, P and K of six biofertilizers during the process fermentation. To evaluate the Débora Victory hybrid, the treatments consisted of nine sampling times at 2, 32, 46, 60, 77, 91, 109, 122 and 137 days after transplanting (DAT) held on 01.04.2014. The plants had estimated total dry and fresh weight, in the last sampling, of 550.2 and 9528.2 g plant-1, respectively. The descending order of total nutrient accumulation was K> N> Ca> P> S> Mg, with estimates of 22.6; 10.4; 5.0; 2.3; 2.1 and 1.6 g plant-1, respectively. In the last sampling, the greater accumulation of N, P, K occurred in fruits and Ca, Mg and S in the vegetative parts (stem + leaves + inflorescences). The experiment consisted of six biofertilizers, prepared on the same basis for fermentation (composed of 1 kg of rice bran, 250 ml of molasses, 250 ml of microorganisms, brand EMBIOTIC, mixed in 15 liters of water), differing from each other by an ingredient addition: T1 = castor bean cake (2 kg), T2 = blood meal (2 kg); T3 = hoof and horn powder (2 kg), T4 = bone meal (2 kg), T5 = blood meal (1 kg); T6 = bone meal (1 kg)) and five dates of evaluation: 3, 7, 15, 22 and 30 days after preparation (DAP) of biofertilizers. The following variables were analyzed: contents of N, P and K and the electrical conductivity. The hoof and horn powder biofertilizer showed higher N content than the others, reaching a maximum of 6.8 g L-1 at 30 DAP. The castor bean cake and hoof and horn powder, showed higher P contents, with average of 3.2 and 2.6 g L-1, respectively, than bone meal (1 and 2 kg) biofertilizer. The castor bean cake biofertilizer showed higher K content, average of 2.5 g L-1, than the others that did not differ each other. Regardless of the type of biofertilizer, the K content did not change, the N content and the electrical conductivity increased and the P content reduced during the time of fermentation until 30 DAP.
The objective of this research was to study the growth curve and absorption of nutrients in tomato 'Debora Victory', grown in organic system field in Itápolis-SP and to study the contents of N, P and K of six biofertilizers during the process fermentation. To evaluate the Débora Victory hybrid, the treatments consisted of nine sampling times at 2, 32, 46, 60, 77, 91, 109, 122 and 137 days after transplanting (DAT) held on 01.04.2014. The plants had estimated total dry and fresh weight, in the last sampling, of 550.2 and 9528.2 g plant-1, respectively. The descending order of total nutrient accumulation was K> N> Ca> P> S> Mg, with estimates of 22.6; 10.4; 5.0; 2.3; 2.1 and 1.6 g plant-1, respectively. In the last sampling, the greater accumulation of N, P, K occurred in fruits and Ca, Mg and S in the vegetative parts (stem + leaves + inflorescences). The experiment consisted of six biofertilizers, prepared on the same basis for fermentation (composed of 1 kg of rice bran, 250 ml of molasses, 250 ml of microorganisms, brand EMBIOTIC, mixed in 15 liters of water), differing from each other by an ingredient addition: T1 = castor bean cake (2 kg), T2 = blood meal (2 kg); T3 = hoof and horn powder (2 kg), T4 = bone meal (2 kg), T5 = blood meal (1 kg); T6 = bone meal (1 kg)) and five dates of evaluation: 3, 7, 15, 22 and 30 days after preparation (DAP) of biofertilizers. The following variables were analyzed: contents of N, P and K and the electrical conductivity. The hoof and horn powder biofertilizer showed higher N content than the others, reaching a maximum of 6.8 g L-1 at 30 DAP. The castor bean cake and hoof and horn powder, showed higher P contents, with average of 3.2 and 2.6 g L-1, respectively, than bone meal (1 and 2 kg) biofertilizer. The castor bean cake biofertilizer showed higher K content, average of 2.5 g L-1, than the others that did not differ each other. Regardless of the type of biofertilizer, the K content did not change, the N content and the electrical conductivity increased and the P content reduced during the time of fermentation until 30 DAP.
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Palavras-chave
Solanum lycopersicum L., Acúmulo de nutrientes, Agricultura orgânica, Farinha de ossos, Farinha de sangue, Torta de mamona, Pó de casco e chifres, Accumulation of nutrients, Bone meal, Blood meal, Castor bean cake, Hoof and horn powder, Organic farming