Dieta artificial e metodologia de criação massal para o bem-estar de Helicoverpa armigera
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Data
2017-02-03
Autores
Ribeiro, Zulene Antônio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A partir de estudos biológicos de Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), objetivou-se neste trabalho selecionar uma dieta artificial que possa melhor suprir as exigências nutricionais requeridas pelo inseto e estabelecer uma metodologia de criação massal de H. armigera em laboratório que forneça condições estruturais satisfatórias para seu desenvolvimento larval e desempenho das funções reprodutivas, assim por meio de boas práticas de produção proporcionar o bem-estar aos insetos. No estudo com dieta artificial foram medidos parâmetros de desenvolvimento, índices nutricionais e índices populacionais em H. armigera alimentada em quatro dietas artificiais utilizadas para a criação de outros lepidópteros. Os resultados indicaram que H. armigera foi capaz de completar o ciclo de vida nas quatro dietas, entretanto, com alterações no seu desenvolvimento dependendo do alimento ingerido na fase larval. Em condições nutricionais favoráveis, os insetos potencializaram a eficiência de utilização das dietas, com menor consumo e alta eficiência de conversão do alimento ingerido e digerido para ganho de biomassa, resultando em insetos mais vigorosos. Por outro lado, em condições menos favoráveis, as lagartas de H. armigera tentaram compensar a menor adequação nutricional modificando seu comportamento em relação à tomada do alimento, aumentando a ingestão da dieta; contudo, esse esforço resultou em maior gasto de energia no metabolismo, com baixa eficiência na conversão do alimento ingerido e digerido. A dieta artificial desenvolvida para Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) foi adequada ao desenvolvimento biológico de H. armigera, porém, a modificação realizada nesta dieta promoveu excelente desenvolvimento do inseto, com elevados índices populacionais e nutricionais, e sem decréscimo no vigor e potencial reprodutivo, sendo a mais indicada para criação massal de H. armigera. Quanto à metodologia de criação, este estudo visou abordar os principais desafios enfrentados na criação de H. armigera e identificar os processos de criação mais eficientes para a produção de insetos com desenvolvimento uniforme, e com quantidade e qualidade suficiente para serem utilizados em pesquisas básicas quanto aplicadas. Os efeitos no desenvolvimento larval de H. armigera foram analisados em condições de diferentes densidades, recipientes e formas de disponibilidade e quantidade de alimento. Para os adultos, três tamanhos de gaiolas e densidades de casais foram analisados. Os resultados indicaram alterações nos parâmetros biológicos de H. armigera em função das condições oferecidas para seu desenvolvimento nas fases larval e adulta. A sobrevivência e a fertilidade de H. armigera foram diretamente relacionadas com a densidade e o tamanho da gaiola de criação. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho possam contribuir para o conhecimento científico e fornecer subsídios para o desenvolvimento de estudos que contribuam com o Manejo Integrado de H. armigera em diversas culturas hospedeiras.
From the biological studies of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the objectives of this study were to select an artificial diet that could meet its nutritional requirements and establish a methodology of mass rearing in the laboratory that provides satisfactory structural conditions for larval development and reproductive performance of H. armigera, thus through good production practices to provide welfare to insects. In the study with artificial diet were measured developmental parameters, nutritional and population indices on H. armigera fed on four artificial diets used for rearing of other lepidopteran. The results indicated that H. armigera was able to complete the life cycle in the four diets, however, with changes in its development depending on the food ingested in the larval stage. In favorable nutritional conditions the insects increased the efficiency of diet utilization, with lower consumption and high conversion efficiency of ingested and digested food for biomass gain, resulting in more vigorous insects. On the other hand, under less favorable conditions, H. armigera larvae tried to compensate for the lower nutritional adequacy by modifying their behavior in relation to food intake, increasing the dietary intake; however, this effort resulted in increased energy expenditure on metabolism, with low efficiency in the conversion of ingested and digested food. The artificial diet developed for Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) was adequate for H. armigera development, but the modification made on this diet provided an excellent development of the insect, with high population and nutritional indices, and without decreasing vigor and reproductive potential, being the most indicated for H. armigera mass rearing. Regarding the rearing methodology, this study sought to address the main challenges faced in the rearing of H. armigera and to identify the most efficient rearing processes for the production of insects with uniform development, and with sufficient quantity and quality to be used in basic and applied research. The effects on H. armigera larval development were analyzed under conditions of different densities, containers, forms of availability and quantity of food. For the adults three sizes of cages and densities of couples were analyzed. Results indicated alterations in the biological parameters of H. armigera as a function of the conditions offered for the development of the larvae and adults. Survival and fertility of H. armigera were directly related to the density and size of the cage. It is expected that the results obtained in this work can contribute to scientific knowledge and provide subsidies for the development of studies that contribute to Integrated Pest Management.
From the biological studies of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the objectives of this study were to select an artificial diet that could meet its nutritional requirements and establish a methodology of mass rearing in the laboratory that provides satisfactory structural conditions for larval development and reproductive performance of H. armigera, thus through good production practices to provide welfare to insects. In the study with artificial diet were measured developmental parameters, nutritional and population indices on H. armigera fed on four artificial diets used for rearing of other lepidopteran. The results indicated that H. armigera was able to complete the life cycle in the four diets, however, with changes in its development depending on the food ingested in the larval stage. In favorable nutritional conditions the insects increased the efficiency of diet utilization, with lower consumption and high conversion efficiency of ingested and digested food for biomass gain, resulting in more vigorous insects. On the other hand, under less favorable conditions, H. armigera larvae tried to compensate for the lower nutritional adequacy by modifying their behavior in relation to food intake, increasing the dietary intake; however, this effort resulted in increased energy expenditure on metabolism, with low efficiency in the conversion of ingested and digested food. The artificial diet developed for Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) was adequate for H. armigera development, but the modification made on this diet provided an excellent development of the insect, with high population and nutritional indices, and without decreasing vigor and reproductive potential, being the most indicated for H. armigera mass rearing. Regarding the rearing methodology, this study sought to address the main challenges faced in the rearing of H. armigera and to identify the most efficient rearing processes for the production of insects with uniform development, and with sufficient quantity and quality to be used in basic and applied research. The effects on H. armigera larval development were analyzed under conditions of different densities, containers, forms of availability and quantity of food. For the adults three sizes of cages and densities of couples were analyzed. Results indicated alterations in the biological parameters of H. armigera as a function of the conditions offered for the development of the larvae and adults. Survival and fertility of H. armigera were directly related to the density and size of the cage. It is expected that the results obtained in this work can contribute to scientific knowledge and provide subsidies for the development of studies that contribute to Integrated Pest Management.
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Palavras-chave
Bem-estar animal, Densidade populacional, Dieta artificial, Equilíbrio nutricional, Parâmetros biológicos, Técnica de criação massal, Animal welfare, Population density, Artificial diet, Nutritional balance, Biological parameters, Breeding technique