Organização de DNAs satélites no genoma do gafanhoto Abracris flavolineata com ênfase nos cromossomos supranumerários: uma abordagem estrutural, funcional e evolutiva
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2017-03-02
Autores
Milani, Diogo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
DNAs satélites (DNAsat) são sequências usualmente repetidas centenas a milhares de vezes arranjadas consecutivamente uma à outra, enriquecidas geralmente na heterocromatina em regiões específicas ou cromossomos, tais como os cromossomos B. Neste trabalho, isolamos o primeiro DNAsat no gafanhoto Abracris flavolineata, nomeado AflaSAT-1. A sequência foi caracterizada integrando abordagem molecular, genômica e citogenética objetivando compreender a organização estrutural, evolução nos cromossomos A e B e possível atividade transcricional. O AflaSAT-1 é compartilhado entre espécies de gafanhotos, mas revelou uma evidente amplificação em A. flavolineata formando arranjos detectáveis. A sequência apresentou baixa variabilidade em nível interpopulacional; no entanto monômeros do cromossomo B (μB-DNA) da população de Rio Claro/SP exibiram maior variabilidade e quatro mutações exclusivas, refletindo a comum taxa mutacional mais elevada dos cromossomos B. A análise genômica estrutural revelou organizações distintas para o DNAsat, apresentando uma associação alternativa com outro DNAsat, nomeado AflaSAT-2. A análise cromossômica revelou que ambos os DNAsat estão interligados um ao outro formando grandes blocos nos centrômeros de quase todos os cromossomos (exceto para o menor par), e para o cromossomo B apenas um pequeno sinal centromérico foi notado em indivíduos da população de Rio Claro/SP. Nas distintas populações a distribuição cromossômica do AflaSAT-1 revelou variabilidade, como ausência de algumas marcas, blocos adicionais e também heteromorfismo, a qual se correlacionou com a estimativa de número de cópias, sugerindo uma dinâmica de expansão ou eliminação de repetições. Finalmente, a constitutiva atividade transcricional de AflaSAT-1 foi observada nos distintos tecidos de adultos, e em distintas fases de desenvolvimento, tanto em indivíduos portadores e não portadores de cromossomo B.
Satellite DNAs (satDNA) are sequences usually repeated hundred to thousand times tandemly arrayed, enriched in heterochromatin from specific region or chromosomes, including B chromosomes. Here, we isolated the first satDNA in the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata, named AflaSAT-1. The sequence was characterized by integration of cytogenetic, molecular and genomics approaches, aiming to understand the structural organization, evolution in A and B chromosomes and possible transcriptional activity. The AflaSAT-1 is shared with other grasshopper species, but it was evidently amplified in A. flavolineata forming detectable clustered arrays. AflaSAT-1 presented low variability at interpopulational level; but monomers from B chromosome observed in individuals from Rio Claro/SP were more variable presenting four exclusive mutations, reflecting the common higher mutational rate in this chromosome. Genomic structural analysis revealed distinct organization for the satDNA, with its alternative association with other satDNA, named AflaSAT-2. The chromosomal analysis showed that both satDNAs were also interglimed to each other, forming large blocks in centromeres of almost all chromosomes (except the smallest pair), but in the B chromosome only a small centromeric signal was noticed in individuals from Rio Claro/SP. Chromosomal distribution for AflaSAT-1 revealed variability, at populational level, with absence of marks, additional clusters and heteromorphism. This variation was coincidentally followed by variability in copy number, suggesting dynamic expansion or elimination of repeats. Finally, AflaSAT-1 was constitutively transcriptionally active in five tissues of adults, in distinct life cycle phases, and both in carrier and non-B chromosome carriers.
Satellite DNAs (satDNA) are sequences usually repeated hundred to thousand times tandemly arrayed, enriched in heterochromatin from specific region or chromosomes, including B chromosomes. Here, we isolated the first satDNA in the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata, named AflaSAT-1. The sequence was characterized by integration of cytogenetic, molecular and genomics approaches, aiming to understand the structural organization, evolution in A and B chromosomes and possible transcriptional activity. The AflaSAT-1 is shared with other grasshopper species, but it was evidently amplified in A. flavolineata forming detectable clustered arrays. AflaSAT-1 presented low variability at interpopulational level; but monomers from B chromosome observed in individuals from Rio Claro/SP were more variable presenting four exclusive mutations, reflecting the common higher mutational rate in this chromosome. Genomic structural analysis revealed distinct organization for the satDNA, with its alternative association with other satDNA, named AflaSAT-2. The chromosomal analysis showed that both satDNAs were also interglimed to each other, forming large blocks in centromeres of almost all chromosomes (except the smallest pair), but in the B chromosome only a small centromeric signal was noticed in individuals from Rio Claro/SP. Chromosomal distribution for AflaSAT-1 revealed variability, at populational level, with absence of marks, additional clusters and heteromorphism. This variation was coincidentally followed by variability in copy number, suggesting dynamic expansion or elimination of repeats. Finally, AflaSAT-1 was constitutively transcriptionally active in five tissues of adults, in distinct life cycle phases, and both in carrier and non-B chromosome carriers.
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Palavras-chave
DNA repetitivo, Cromossomo B, Organização genômica, Repetição em tandem, Transcrição