Aquicultura, conservação e comercialização de Cavalos-Marinhos no cenário internacional
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Data
2017-02-21
Autores
Cohen, Felipe Pereira de Almeida [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o mercado, a produção e a comercialização de cavalos-marinhos com foco no atendimento da demanda mundial de forma mais sustentável e na conservação desses animais. Assim, a tese foi dividida em cinco artigos: (1) apresenta um panorama da pesquisa mundial no século XXI sobre cavalos-marinhos. Observou-se que os campos de pesquisa fundamentais para subsidiar decisões governamentais e que abordam as questões que afetam a produção, o comércio e a manutenção das populações naturais de cavalos-marinhos não vem sendo cobertos adequadamente. Cinco áreas foram identificadas como prioritárias para o avanço do conhecimento científico, atendendo à demanda e a conservação dos cavalos-marinhos. (2) Discute a comercialização e o mercado; mostra que o mercado é pouco conhecido e que as regulamentações internacionais para comércio de cavalos-marinhos estão sendo ineficientes na conservação. (3) Apresenta as principais oportunidades e limitações de se cultivar cavalos-marinhos em estuários em Manguezal como alternativa para produção de baixo custo. Observou-se que essa prática é bastante promissora, podendo aproveitar a disponibilidade local de reprodutores, água, espaço, alimento natural, mão de obra e gerar renda adicional para comunidades locais de forma mais sustentável. Alterações ambientais bruscas, predadores, obstrução das redes e escapes são as principais limitações. (4) Visa otimizar o transporte de animais vivos. Observou-se que Hippocampus reidi pode ser transportado em sacolas plásticas contendo 300 mL de água, com salinidade 15, com adição de substrato pequeno e preenchido com ar comprimido como uma opção barata e segura até 48 horas em temperaturas próximas de 21° C. (5) Analisa o uso de comunidades bacterianas no muco dos cavalos-marinhos como uma ferramenta para rastrear a origem dos animais vivos; foi demonstrado que esse método tem potencial, mas precisa ainda de mais pesquisas para ser implementado.
The aim of this work was to study the trade, the production and the commercialization of seahorses focusing on meeting world demand in a more sustainable way and on the conservation of these animals. Thus, this thesis was divided in five articles: (1) shows an overview of the seahorse research in the 21st century. It was observed that the key research fields necessary to support government decisions on addressing issues affecting the production, trade and maintenance of wild seahorses populations, have not been properly studied. Five knowledge gaps were identified as priorities for improving scientific knowledge, considering both world demand and seahorse conservation. (2) Discusses commercialization and trade; Shows that there is little information on trade and that international regulations of seahorse trade have been ineffective to promote their conservation. (3) Shows the main opportunities and constraints to produce seahorses in mangrove estuary as an alternative for low-cost aquaculture. It was observed that this system has great potential; it can rely on the availability of local broodstock, water, space, natural food, labour, and provide additional income for local communities in a more sustainable way. Sudden environmental changes, predators, net obstruction, and escapees are the main constraints of this system. (4) Aims to optimize transport of live seahorses. It was reported that Hippocampus reidi could be transported in plastic bags containing 300 mL of water, salinity 15, with addition of small substrate, and filled with compressed air as a cheap and safe option for up to 48 hours in temperatures close to 21 °C. (5) Analyses the use of bacterial communities in the mucus of seahorses as a traceability tool to trace the origin of live specimens; it was showed that this method has potential, but still needs more research to be implemented.
The aim of this work was to study the trade, the production and the commercialization of seahorses focusing on meeting world demand in a more sustainable way and on the conservation of these animals. Thus, this thesis was divided in five articles: (1) shows an overview of the seahorse research in the 21st century. It was observed that the key research fields necessary to support government decisions on addressing issues affecting the production, trade and maintenance of wild seahorses populations, have not been properly studied. Five knowledge gaps were identified as priorities for improving scientific knowledge, considering both world demand and seahorse conservation. (2) Discusses commercialization and trade; Shows that there is little information on trade and that international regulations of seahorse trade have been ineffective to promote their conservation. (3) Shows the main opportunities and constraints to produce seahorses in mangrove estuary as an alternative for low-cost aquaculture. It was observed that this system has great potential; it can rely on the availability of local broodstock, water, space, natural food, labour, and provide additional income for local communities in a more sustainable way. Sudden environmental changes, predators, net obstruction, and escapees are the main constraints of this system. (4) Aims to optimize transport of live seahorses. It was reported that Hippocampus reidi could be transported in plastic bags containing 300 mL of water, salinity 15, with addition of small substrate, and filled with compressed air as a cheap and safe option for up to 48 hours in temperatures close to 21 °C. (5) Analyses the use of bacterial communities in the mucus of seahorses as a traceability tool to trace the origin of live specimens; it was showed that this method has potential, but still needs more research to be implemented.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hippocampus, Syngnathidae, Bibliometria, Cadeia produtiva, Sustentabilidade, Fisiologia, Rastreabilidade, Bibliometry, Production chain, Sustainability, Physiology, Shipping