Reformar os costumes ou servir o público: visões sobre o teatro no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista
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Data
2016-08-26
Autores
Mainente, Renato Aurélio [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas do século XIX, o Rio de Janeiro assistiu a um incremento no número de casas teatrais e uma diversificação de espetáculos oferecidos ao público. Os melodramas, dramas realistas e as óperas italianas, até então dominante nos palcos, passaram a sofrer concorrência cada vez maior de operetas e demais gêneros teatrais musicados, culminando com o sucesso do teatro de revista na última década do oitocentos. Essa diversificação, porém, foi alvo de intenso debate: nas páginas de jornais e revistas do período, literatos como Machado de Assis, Jose de Alencar, Aluísio Azevedo e Raul Pompéia, teciam juízos acerca das obras, dos autores e também sobre a própria estrutura das casas teatrais. No entanto, para além de julgamentos propriamente estéticos, estavam em questão, sobretudo, diferentes concepções da atividade teatral e da função dos teatros na sociedade oitocentista. Tratava-se, assim, da defesa de uma atividade teatral pautada por dois princípios distintos, reformar os costumes da sociedade e servir ao público obras voltadas para seu entretenimento. O objetivo deste estudo é, portanto, mapear os diferentes discursos acerca do teatro nacional, a partir da análise de dois conjuntos de fontes: textos publicados em periódicos no Rio de Janeiro oitocentista, e que abordavam o cenário teatral do período; e os pareceres emitidos pelo Conservatório Dramático Brasileiro, instituição encarregada da censura às obras dramáticas e líricas a serem encenadas nas casas teatrais da corte. Partindo dessa análise, será possível identificar as diferentes expectativas nutridas pelos homens de cultura do período quando o assunto era a arte teatral, e principalmente o desenvolvimento do teatro nacional.
In the last decades of the nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro witnessed an increase in the number of theatrical houses, and diversification of shows offered to the public. The melodramas, realistic dramas and Italian operas, hitherto dominant on stage, have come under increasing competition from operettas to other theatrical musical genres, culminating in the success of the revue in the last decade of the nineteenth century.However, this diversification has been the subject of intense discussion: in the pages of newspapers and magazines of the period literati, writers like Machado de Assis, Jose Alencar, Aluísio Azevedo and Raul Pompeia, wrote reviews about the works of authors and also on the structure of theatrical houses. However, in addition to properly aesthetic judgments were concerned, above mainly different conceptions of theatrical activity and function of the theaters in the nineteenth century society. It was thus the defense of a theatrical activity guided by two distinct principles, reform the customs of the society and serve the public works aimed for your entertainment. The aim of this study is therefore to map the different discourses about national theater, from the analysis of two sets of sources: texts published in journals in Rio de Janeiro in the nineteenth century, and approached the theatrical setting for the period; and the reports emitted by Brazilian Dramatic Conservatory, institution in charge of censorship of dramatic works and lyrical to be staged in the theater houses of the court. Based on this analysis, it will be possible to identify the different expectations nourished by the period of the men's cultures when it came to the theatrical art, and especially the development of the national theater.
In the last decades of the nineteenth century, Rio de Janeiro witnessed an increase in the number of theatrical houses, and diversification of shows offered to the public. The melodramas, realistic dramas and Italian operas, hitherto dominant on stage, have come under increasing competition from operettas to other theatrical musical genres, culminating in the success of the revue in the last decade of the nineteenth century.However, this diversification has been the subject of intense discussion: in the pages of newspapers and magazines of the period literati, writers like Machado de Assis, Jose Alencar, Aluísio Azevedo and Raul Pompeia, wrote reviews about the works of authors and also on the structure of theatrical houses. However, in addition to properly aesthetic judgments were concerned, above mainly different conceptions of theatrical activity and function of the theaters in the nineteenth century society. It was thus the defense of a theatrical activity guided by two distinct principles, reform the customs of the society and serve the public works aimed for your entertainment. The aim of this study is therefore to map the different discourses about national theater, from the analysis of two sets of sources: texts published in journals in Rio de Janeiro in the nineteenth century, and approached the theatrical setting for the period; and the reports emitted by Brazilian Dramatic Conservatory, institution in charge of censorship of dramatic works and lyrical to be staged in the theater houses of the court. Based on this analysis, it will be possible to identify the different expectations nourished by the period of the men's cultures when it came to the theatrical art, and especially the development of the national theater.
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Palavras-chave
Teatro, Censura, Rio de Janeiro, Século XIX, Theatre, Censorship, 19th century