Morfologia e evolução de cerdas das coxas e trocanters de aranhas Theraphosinae (Mygalomorphae; Theraphosidae)
Data
2017-01-23
Autores
Lima, Arthur Galleti [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A ordem Araneae compreende um grupo de animais abundantes e de alta diversidade dentre os aracnídeos. Uma de suas três infraordens, a Mygalomorphae é caracterizada por sere morfologicamente homogenias, dificultando estudos de cunho evolutivos baseados em morfologia. Uma alternativa para este problema são pesquisas que investigam ultraestruturas cuticulares, como cerdas estridulatórias, comuns em aranhas da família Theraphosidae, pertencente a esta infraordem. Os terafosídeos estão divididos em onze subfamílias, sendo que a mais diversa, a subfamília Theraphosinae, apresenta uma taxonomia fortemente baseada em estruturas cuticulares no nível genérico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1. Promover um inventário e descrições das variedades de cerdas nas coxas e trocanters de aranhas da subfamília Theraphosinae; 2. Codificar caracteres e estudar a evolução dessas estruturas em um contexto filogenético. O exame das cerdas foram realizados sob microscópio eletrônico de varredura e as investigações filogenéticas foram realizados através das matrizes propostas por Bertani et al. em 2011 e Perafán e colaboradores em 2016, com algumas modificações e inclusões de novos caracteres fundamentados neste trabalho. Os resultados foram divididos em três capítulos: I. Morfologia das cerdas estridulatórias; II. Evolução de cerdas estridulatórias nos gêneros Lasiodora, Proshapalopus, Pterinopelma, Nhandu, Vitalius, Pamphobeteus, Theraphosa, Cyrtopholis, Phormictopus, Acanthoscurria e Brachypelma; III. Análise cladística de gêneros Theraphosinae baseados em cerdas estridulatórias.
The order Araneae Comprises a group of abundant and highly diverse animals among the arachnids. One of its three infraorders, Mygalomorphae is characterized by being morphologically homogenous, hindering evolutionary studies based on morphology. An alternative to this problem is research that investigates cuticular ultrastructures, such as stridulatory setae, common in spiders of the Theraphosidae family, belonging to this infraorder. Teraphosides are divided into eleven subfamilies, with the most diverse, the Theraphosinae subfamily, presenting a taxonomy strongly based on cuticular structures at the generic level. The objectives of this work were: 1. To promote an inventory and descriptions of the varieties of setae in the coxae and trochanters of spiders of the subfamily Theraphosinae; 2. Encode characters and study the evolution of these structures in a phylogenetic context. The setae were examined under a scanning electron microscope and the phylogenetic investigations were carried out through the matrices proposed by Bertani and contributors in 2011 and Perafán and contributors in 2016, with some modifications and additions of new characters based on this work. The results were divided into three chapters: I. Morphology of stridulating setae; II. Evolution of stridulating setae in the genus Lasiodora, Proshapalopus, Pterinopelma, Nhandu, Vitalius, Pamphobeteus, Theraphosa, Cyrtopholis, Phormictopus, Acanthoscurria and Brachypelma; III. Cladistic analysis of Theraphosinae genera based on stridulating setae.
The order Araneae Comprises a group of abundant and highly diverse animals among the arachnids. One of its three infraorders, Mygalomorphae is characterized by being morphologically homogenous, hindering evolutionary studies based on morphology. An alternative to this problem is research that investigates cuticular ultrastructures, such as stridulatory setae, common in spiders of the Theraphosidae family, belonging to this infraorder. Teraphosides are divided into eleven subfamilies, with the most diverse, the Theraphosinae subfamily, presenting a taxonomy strongly based on cuticular structures at the generic level. The objectives of this work were: 1. To promote an inventory and descriptions of the varieties of setae in the coxae and trochanters of spiders of the subfamily Theraphosinae; 2. Encode characters and study the evolution of these structures in a phylogenetic context. The setae were examined under a scanning electron microscope and the phylogenetic investigations were carried out through the matrices proposed by Bertani and contributors in 2011 and Perafán and contributors in 2016, with some modifications and additions of new characters based on this work. The results were divided into three chapters: I. Morphology of stridulating setae; II. Evolution of stridulating setae in the genus Lasiodora, Proshapalopus, Pterinopelma, Nhandu, Vitalius, Pamphobeteus, Theraphosa, Cyrtopholis, Phormictopus, Acanthoscurria and Brachypelma; III. Cladistic analysis of Theraphosinae genera based on stridulating setae.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aracnídeo, Filogenia de aranhas Theraphosinae, Ordem Araneae