Trematódeos renais em aves selvagens: aspectos histopatológicos, morfológicos e moleculares
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Data
2017-02-16
Autores
Santi, Mariele de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Eucotilídeos digenéticos do gênero Paratanaisia são trematódeos, parasitos do sistema urinário de aves. Os efeitos da infecção por estes parasitos variam de alterações discretas até alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas moderadas a graves. Geralmente a parasitose é diagnosticada após a morte da ave, pela observação macro e microscópica dos parasitos e/ou de seus ovos no tecido renal. Diagnóstico ante mortem da infecção pode ser realizada pela observação dos ovos dos parasitos em avaliações coproparasitológicas. As três espécies do gênero: Paratanaisia bragai, Paratanaisia robusta e Paratanaisia confusa, apresentam características morfológicas muito similares entre si, gerando dificuldades na sua identificação. Assim, técnicas moleculares poderiam auxiliar na identificação dos trematódeos e na resolução das relações taxonômicas. Neste estudo, exames coproparasitológicos foram realizados em aves vivas objetivando a identificação de ovos dos parasitos nos excrementos. Além disso, amostras de parasitos e de tecido renal de aves selvagens infectadas por Paratanaisia foram avaliadas por meio de técnicas histopatológicas, morfológicas e moleculares, objetivando identificar os trematódeos e descrever os efeitos da infecção no sistema urinário. Vinte e duas aves foram submetidas à avaliação coproparasitológica, que resultou em negatividade em todos os casos. Histologicamente foram observados parasitos em 103 aves. As aves infectadas eram pertencentes a 24 espécies diferentes, o que representa 17 novos registros de hospedeiros susceptíveis. Os achados histológicos mais frequentes foram: ductos coletores distendidos (88%), além de compressão (72%) e descamação (64%) de seu epitélio. A análise morfológica dos parasitos, realizada com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico, revelou tratar-se de trematódeos do gênero Paratanaisia. Inferências filogenéticas baseadas no gene 18S rDNA separaram adequadamente os gêneros de trematódeos, entretanto, não foi possível realizar inferências a respeito da espécie. Os achados histopatológicos sugerem que Paratanaisia spp. possua potencial patogênico em uma ampla variedade de hospedeiros. Maiores estudos aliando técnicas morfológicas e moleculares são necessários para um melhor entendimento da taxonomia destes parasitos.
Eucotylidae digeneans of Paratanaisia genus are parasites of avian urinary tract. The effects of the infection by these parasites are variable, ranging from irrelevant alterations to significant macroscopic and microscopic changes. Usually the infection is diagnosed after the bird death, by means of macro and microscopic observation of parasites and eggs in the renal tissue. Ante mortem diagnose could be performed by observation of parasite eggs in coproparasitological evaluation. The three species of the genus: Paratanaisia bragai, Paratanaisia robusta e Paratanaisia confusa, present similar morphological features, causing difficulties in identification. Therefore, molecular techniques could help in trematodes identification and solve the taxonomic relations. In this study, coproparasitological exams were performed in live birds aimed the identification of parasite eggs in the excrements. Besides, renal and parasitological samples obtained from birds infected by Paratanaisia were evaluated by histological, morphological and molecular techniques, aiming to identify the trematodes and describe the effects of the infection in the urinary tissue. Twenty two alive birds were submitted to coproparasitological evaluation, which results negative in all the cases. Parasites were observed in 103 histological samples. The infected birds belonged to 24 different species, representing 17 new records of susceptible hosts. The most frequent histological alterations were: distended collecting ducts (88%), besides compression (72%) and destruction (64%) of the lining epithelial cells. The morphological evaluations from parasites, performed with stereoscope microscope, revealed Paratanaisia trematodes. Phylogenetic inferences based on 18S rDNA separated the trematodes genus, however, it was not possible to infer about the species. The histopathological finds suggest that Paratanaisia spp. may has pathogenic potential in a wide range of host. More studies allying morphological and molecular techniques are necessary to the better understanding of these parasites taxonomy.
Eucotylidae digeneans of Paratanaisia genus are parasites of avian urinary tract. The effects of the infection by these parasites are variable, ranging from irrelevant alterations to significant macroscopic and microscopic changes. Usually the infection is diagnosed after the bird death, by means of macro and microscopic observation of parasites and eggs in the renal tissue. Ante mortem diagnose could be performed by observation of parasite eggs in coproparasitological evaluation. The three species of the genus: Paratanaisia bragai, Paratanaisia robusta e Paratanaisia confusa, present similar morphological features, causing difficulties in identification. Therefore, molecular techniques could help in trematodes identification and solve the taxonomic relations. In this study, coproparasitological exams were performed in live birds aimed the identification of parasite eggs in the excrements. Besides, renal and parasitological samples obtained from birds infected by Paratanaisia were evaluated by histological, morphological and molecular techniques, aiming to identify the trematodes and describe the effects of the infection in the urinary tissue. Twenty two alive birds were submitted to coproparasitological evaluation, which results negative in all the cases. Parasites were observed in 103 histological samples. The infected birds belonged to 24 different species, representing 17 new records of susceptible hosts. The most frequent histological alterations were: distended collecting ducts (88%), besides compression (72%) and destruction (64%) of the lining epithelial cells. The morphological evaluations from parasites, performed with stereoscope microscope, revealed Paratanaisia trematodes. Phylogenetic inferences based on 18S rDNA separated the trematodes genus, however, it was not possible to infer about the species. The histopathological finds suggest that Paratanaisia spp. may has pathogenic potential in a wide range of host. More studies allying morphological and molecular techniques are necessary to the better understanding of these parasites taxonomy.
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Palavras-chave
Aves, Histopatologia, Digenea, Eucotylidae, Trematoda, Paratanaisia