Competências do enfermeiro na prática da preceptoria na residência multiprofissional em saúde
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Data
2017-02-13
Autores
Seltenreich, Leticia da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As competências do profissional enfermeiro são descritas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e constituem o conhecimento em saúde, a tomada de decisão, o gerenciamento, a liderança, a comunicação e a educação, porém, a aquisição de competências e habilidades para o desenvolvimento de práticas relacionadas à educação na enfermagem não se completa com a formação, mas num processo permanente e contínuo da vida profissional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a prática do enfermeiro na preceptoria da residência multiprofissional em saúde com a sua compreensão das competências profissionais necessárias para atuar na área. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, descritivo e exploratório com abordagem metodológica mista, realizado em um Hospital Público de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição conforme CAAE 52511715.1.0000.5411. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove enfermeiros preceptores, predominantemente do sexo feminino, com idade média de 41 anos e doze anos de tempo médio de formação. Os dados obtidos foram classificados quanto à frequência de aparição e as entrevistas, categorizadas segundo a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados quantificados evidenciaram o uso de competências que fortalecem as responsabilidades dos profissionais e dos estudantes; atenção à saúde que tem como foco o paciente; estímulo ao trabalho em equipe e uso da comunicação interpessoal para ancorar o aprendizado. Neste sentido, emergiram das falas dos participantes as seguintes possibilidades: incluir o residente nas ações cotidianas do trabalho, considerando-o um profissional em aperfeiçoamento, valorizar o aprendizado na prática reconhecendo que a construção das competências acontecem no decorrer do processo de trabalho do preceptor e do estudante e, considerar a comunicação efetiva como fundamental nas relações em equipe multiprofissional. Nas conclusões deste estudo tornou-se evidente a importância da realização de momentos de formação para preceptoria, enfatizando mecanismos que fomentem o debate consistente e estruturado da prática das competências profissionais, à luz das vivências de estudantes, preceptores, docentes e pesquisadores.
The skills of the professional nurse are described in the National Curricular Guidelines and constitute the knowledge in health, decision-making, management, leadership, communication and education; however, the acquisition of competences and skills for the development of practices related to education in nursing is not complete with training, but a permanent process and continuous working life. In this sense, the objective of this study was to relate the practice of nurses in the preceptorship of Multiprofessional Residency in Health with his understanding of professional skills necessary to operate in the area. It is a field, descriptive and exploratory study with mixed methodological approach, performed in a Public Teaching Hospital of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution as CAAE 52511715.1.0000.5411. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with nine nurses preceptors, predominantly female with an average age of 41 years old and 12 years of average time of training. The data obtained were classified according to the frequency of presence and the interviews, categorized according to Content Analysis of Bardin. The quantified results showed the use of competencies that strengthen the responsibilities of professionals and students; and health care that focuses on the patient; encouraging team work and the use of interpersonal communication to anchor the learning. In this sense, emerged from the speeches of the participants the following possibilities: to include the resident in the everyday actions of labor, considering it a professional in improving, enhancing the learning in practice recognizing that the construction of competences occur during the working process of the preceptor and student, and consider effective communication as fundamental in the relations in a multiprofessional team. The findings of this study it became evident the importance of moments of formation for preceptorship, emphasizing mechanisms that foster the ongoing debate and structured in the practice of professional skills, in the light of the experiences of students, preceptors, professors and researchers.
The skills of the professional nurse are described in the National Curricular Guidelines and constitute the knowledge in health, decision-making, management, leadership, communication and education; however, the acquisition of competences and skills for the development of practices related to education in nursing is not complete with training, but a permanent process and continuous working life. In this sense, the objective of this study was to relate the practice of nurses in the preceptorship of Multiprofessional Residency in Health with his understanding of professional skills necessary to operate in the area. It is a field, descriptive and exploratory study with mixed methodological approach, performed in a Public Teaching Hospital of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution as CAAE 52511715.1.0000.5411. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with nine nurses preceptors, predominantly female with an average age of 41 years old and 12 years of average time of training. The data obtained were classified according to the frequency of presence and the interviews, categorized according to Content Analysis of Bardin. The quantified results showed the use of competencies that strengthen the responsibilities of professionals and students; and health care that focuses on the patient; encouraging team work and the use of interpersonal communication to anchor the learning. In this sense, emerged from the speeches of the participants the following possibilities: to include the resident in the everyday actions of labor, considering it a professional in improving, enhancing the learning in practice recognizing that the construction of competences occur during the working process of the preceptor and student, and consider effective communication as fundamental in the relations in a multiprofessional team. The findings of this study it became evident the importance of moments of formation for preceptorship, emphasizing mechanisms that foster the ongoing debate and structured in the practice of professional skills, in the light of the experiences of students, preceptors, professors and researchers.
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Palavras-chave
Competência profissional, Educação baseada em competências, Preceptoria