A polícia e a construção do homem novo na formação do estado-nação em Moçambique (1975-1990)
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Data
2017-03-15
Autores
Borges, Egor Vasco [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender o processo de construção da nação pós-colonial moçambicana tendo como base os discursos sobre o homem novo e o inimigo que desencadearam um policiamento, formal e informal, centrado na retirada forçada de uma parcela da população para os campos de reeducação. O policiamento praticado pela policia pós-revolucionaria em Moçambique e as demais forças populares civis e partidarizadas não deram lugar a um novo tipo de relação entre as comunidades étnicas nativas e as autoridades estatais pós-coloniais. O que ocorreu foi um movimento de perseguição continua de certos nativos que não se encaixaram ao modelo de cidadão a quem se direcionou toda a violência estatal. Para a compreensão dessa realidade optou-se, metodologicamente, pela revisão da literatura, análise documental com recurso a comparação uma vez que eventos semelhantes em situações pós-revolucionarias ou pós-coloniais tiveram lugar em diversos países do mundo. Embora tenhamos fixado uma temporalidade para analise se verificou que um longo processo de segregação, de produção da vida nua, de retirada de direitos, de condicionamento a cidadania se manteve desde o tempo colonial. Assim sendo, as instituições repressivas, estatais ou não, foram ajustadas e mantidas sobre outros formatos sem, necessariamente, suspender esse processo violento contra um grupo especifico de nativos. Como em qualquer outro processo de construção da unidade e identidade nacional baseados na essencialização de um tipo ideal de cidadão culminou-se com massacres. Portanto, um numero significativo de civis inocentes passam a ser incluídos pelas margens com a suposição de reeduca-los ou converte-los em cidadãos moçambicanos descolonizados e sujeitos de direito. Porém, o processo de reeducação nos campos não dá indicações de termino e os deportados ficam entregues a sua própria sorte e as decisões aleatórias dos policiais o que propiciou um novo processo de violência contra as instituições de vigilância e de repressão. Nesse contexto, é a policia e os campos de reeducação que fundam a sociedade moçambicana pós-colonial através da segregação inclusiva e da inclusão marginalizante dos inimigos. É da relação repressiva entre a policia e os inimigos que se pretendeu constituir os homens novos, os cidadãos moçambicanos destribalizados, descolonizados.
This research is aimed at understanding the process of building the postcolonial Mozambican nation based on the speech about the new man and the enemy that initiated a formal and informal police station centered on an evicted population’s piece of land, who later were driven to the re-education fields. The police practices undertaken by the post-revolutionary police force in Mozambique and the other popular civilian and partisan forces did not give space to a new form of relationship between native ethnic communities and post-colonial state authorities. What happened was a continuous tracking movement of certain natives that did not abide by the model of citizen, upon which the entire state violence was directed. For a broader understand of this reality, it has been, methodologically and through review of the literature, opted a documentary analysis with comparison resources, since similar events in postrevolutionary or colonial situations have at least once taken place in several countries of the world. Although we have established a temporal analysis, it has been observed that a long process of segregation, production of bare life, withdrawal of rights, conditioning of citizenship, has been maintained since colonial eras. Thus, repressive institutions, whether statutory or not, have been adjusted and maintained on other grounds without necessarily suspending this violent process against a specific group of natives. As in any other process of building unity and national identity based on essentializing an ideal citizenship, this resulted in massacres. Therefore, a significant number of innocent civilians end up being included in the margins in order to reeducate and convert them into decolonized, demobilized, militant and working-class Mozambican citizens. However, the process of re-education in the fields gives no indication of termination and the deportees are left to their own peril, and the random decisions of the police, which gave rise to a new process of violence against the institutions of surveillance and repression. In this context, it is the police and reeducation camps that ground Mozambican post-colonial society through inclusive segregation and the marginal inclusion of the enemies. It is from the repressive relationship between the police and the enemies that it was intended to constitute the nation composed only of the new men, the demobilized and de-colonized Mozambican Citizens.
This research is aimed at understanding the process of building the postcolonial Mozambican nation based on the speech about the new man and the enemy that initiated a formal and informal police station centered on an evicted population’s piece of land, who later were driven to the re-education fields. The police practices undertaken by the post-revolutionary police force in Mozambique and the other popular civilian and partisan forces did not give space to a new form of relationship between native ethnic communities and post-colonial state authorities. What happened was a continuous tracking movement of certain natives that did not abide by the model of citizen, upon which the entire state violence was directed. For a broader understand of this reality, it has been, methodologically and through review of the literature, opted a documentary analysis with comparison resources, since similar events in postrevolutionary or colonial situations have at least once taken place in several countries of the world. Although we have established a temporal analysis, it has been observed that a long process of segregation, production of bare life, withdrawal of rights, conditioning of citizenship, has been maintained since colonial eras. Thus, repressive institutions, whether statutory or not, have been adjusted and maintained on other grounds without necessarily suspending this violent process against a specific group of natives. As in any other process of building unity and national identity based on essentializing an ideal citizenship, this resulted in massacres. Therefore, a significant number of innocent civilians end up being included in the margins in order to reeducate and convert them into decolonized, demobilized, militant and working-class Mozambican citizens. However, the process of re-education in the fields gives no indication of termination and the deportees are left to their own peril, and the random decisions of the police, which gave rise to a new process of violence against the institutions of surveillance and repression. In this context, it is the police and reeducation camps that ground Mozambican post-colonial society through inclusive segregation and the marginal inclusion of the enemies. It is from the repressive relationship between the police and the enemies that it was intended to constitute the nation composed only of the new men, the demobilized and de-colonized Mozambican Citizens.
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Palavras-chave
Polícia e policiamento, Soberano e vida nua, Estado-nação e comunidade nacional