As revistas Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933-1944) e Educação (1945-1961) como fóruns de discussões sobre didática
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Data
2017-03-07
Autores
Reis, Karina Cássia Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação de mestrado resulta de pesquisa motivada pela experiência em sala de aula da pesquisadora, como Pedagoga, e está vinculada aos grupos de estudos e pesquisas: HiDEA –Brasil – História das disciplinas escolares e acadêmicas no Brasil; e GP FORME – Formação do Educador, coordenados pela Drª. Rosane Michelli de Castro. Dos estudos desenvolvidos em ambos os grupos de pesquisa, sobre a história da Didática, história das disciplinas escolares no Brasil e sobre a história dos periódicos educacionais no Brasil, surgiu o seguinte problema de pesquisa: as temáticas referentes à Didática foram objetos de discussões nas revistas Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944) e Revista Educação (1945-1961)? Mesmo considerando que tais revistas também passaram por fases de sua existência anteriores ao período delimitado, em que circularam sob outras denominações, foi delimitado como corpus da pesquisa as mencionadas acima porque abarcam o período entre a década de 1930 e 1960, período em que, segundo Garcia (2000), a Didática passou a se constituir como campo de conhecimento e disciplina em curso de formação de professores em nível superior no Brasil. Assim, considerando tais aspectos identificados por Garcia (2000), os aspectos da atuação dos profissionais da educação à frente das revistas educacionais apontados por Nery (2009), e da história da formação docente apontados por Saviani (2006), Tanuri (2000) e Reis (2015), aspectos esses que corroboraram para a delimitação temporal da pesquisa e, em decorrência, do seu corpus documental. A hipótese que foi possível formular para responder à problemática elaborada foi a de que as revistas Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944) e Revista Educação (1945-1961) constituíram-se em fóruns de discussão também sobre Didática. Assim, foi desenvolvida pesquisa histórica, quanto à abordagem, e documental, quanto às fontes. Tal pesquisa teve como objetivo geral identificar, analisar e compreender aspectos das discussões sobre a Didática nas revistas Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944) e Revista Educação (1945-1961). Ainda, foram objetivos específicos da pesquisa, analisar e compreender: aspectos da materialidade das revistas, corpus da investigação, referentes aos aspectos tipográficos e nomenclaturas das revistas, à predominância e recorrência das temáticas bem como informações sobre colaboradores e sobre a quantidade de artigos por colaborador; aspectos constitutivos dos artigos sobre Didática – texto propriamente dito e do discurso constituído a partir dos sentidos produzidos no ato da leitura; aspectos em relação à formação de professores no período de publicação das revistas (1931-1961), formação essa, ao mesmo tempo, “técnica” e “humanista”; os sentidos atribuídos à Didática pelos produtores dos artigos analisados; aspectos em relação aos conteúdos que foram ensinados nos vários níveis de ensino, sobretudo no ensino “secundário” e “primário”; contribuir para uma história da Didática no Brasil. O quadro teórico-metodológico da pesquisa constituiu-se também mediante as formulações sobre história das disciplinas escolares. Nesse sentido, foi possível considerar que as revistas analisadas constituíram-se em fóruns de discussões sobre Didática e tais discussões contribuíram para momentos da trajetória histórica da Didática no ensino primário, secundário e superior no Brasil.
This masters dissertation is a result of a research motivated by the researcher‘s classroom experience as a pedagogue, and it is linked to the following research and study groups: History of educational and academic disciplines in Brazil (HiDEA, in Portuguese); and Educator‘s Formation (GP FORME, in Portuguese), both coordinated by Prof. RosaneMichelli de Castro.From the studies developed in both research groups, concerning the history of Didacticism, history of academic disciplines in Brazil, and the history of educational journals in Brazil, the following research problem arose: did the Didacticism themes were objects of discussion in the Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933-1944) and RevistaEducação (1945-1961) journals? Even considering that those journals also went through phases of their existence prior to the delimited period, during which they circulated under different denominations, the periods cited above were delimited as the corpus of this research because they cover the period between 1930 and 1960, period in which, according to Garcia (2000), Didacticism started to constitute itself as a knowledge field and a discipline in teacher‘s formation higher education courses in Brazil.Therefore, considering aspects identified by Garcia (2000), the performance aspects of the education professional ahead of the educational journals indicated by Nery (2009) and the history of teacher formation indicated by Saviani (2006), Tanuri (2000) and Reis (2015), those aspects corroborated to determine the timeline of this research and, in consequence, its documental corpus. The possible hypothesis found to answer the elaborated problematic was that the Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944) and RevistaEducação (1945-1961) journals constituted themselves as discussion forums about Didacticism, among other subjects.Therefore, a historical research was developed regarding the approach, and a documental research was developed regarding the sources. This research had, as a general objective, to identify, analyze and comprehend discussion aspects of Didacticism in the Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933-1944) and RevistaEducação (1945-1961) journals.And yet, this research had, as specific objectives, to analyze and comprehend the following: aspects of the materiality of journals, corpus of this investigation, regarding the journal‘s typography and nomenclatures, to the predominance and recurrence of themes as well as information about the collaborators and about the quantity of articles per collaborators; constitutive aspects of the Didacticism articles – the text itself and the discourse constituted from the senses acquired during the reading act; aspects regarding teachers formation during the period in which the journals were published (1931-1961), formation that was, at the same time, both ―technical‖ and ―humanist‖; the senses attributed to Didacticism by the producers of the analyzed articles; aspects according to the content that was taught in various levels of education, mainly in high school and primary school; and to contribute to a Didacticism history in Brazil.The theoretical and methodological focus of this researchwas also constitutedthrough formulations on the history of academic disciplines. In this sense, it was possible to consider that the analyzed journals constituted themselves as discussion forums about Didacticism, and such discussions contributed to the historic trajectory of Didacticism in primary school, high school and higher education in Brazil.
This masters dissertation is a result of a research motivated by the researcher‘s classroom experience as a pedagogue, and it is linked to the following research and study groups: History of educational and academic disciplines in Brazil (HiDEA, in Portuguese); and Educator‘s Formation (GP FORME, in Portuguese), both coordinated by Prof. RosaneMichelli de Castro.From the studies developed in both research groups, concerning the history of Didacticism, history of academic disciplines in Brazil, and the history of educational journals in Brazil, the following research problem arose: did the Didacticism themes were objects of discussion in the Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933-1944) and RevistaEducação (1945-1961) journals? Even considering that those journals also went through phases of their existence prior to the delimited period, during which they circulated under different denominations, the periods cited above were delimited as the corpus of this research because they cover the period between 1930 and 1960, period in which, according to Garcia (2000), Didacticism started to constitute itself as a knowledge field and a discipline in teacher‘s formation higher education courses in Brazil.Therefore, considering aspects identified by Garcia (2000), the performance aspects of the education professional ahead of the educational journals indicated by Nery (2009) and the history of teacher formation indicated by Saviani (2006), Tanuri (2000) and Reis (2015), those aspects corroborated to determine the timeline of this research and, in consequence, its documental corpus. The possible hypothesis found to answer the elaborated problematic was that the Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944) and RevistaEducação (1945-1961) journals constituted themselves as discussion forums about Didacticism, among other subjects.Therefore, a historical research was developed regarding the approach, and a documental research was developed regarding the sources. This research had, as a general objective, to identify, analyze and comprehend discussion aspects of Didacticism in the Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933-1944) and RevistaEducação (1945-1961) journals.And yet, this research had, as specific objectives, to analyze and comprehend the following: aspects of the materiality of journals, corpus of this investigation, regarding the journal‘s typography and nomenclatures, to the predominance and recurrence of themes as well as information about the collaborators and about the quantity of articles per collaborators; constitutive aspects of the Didacticism articles – the text itself and the discourse constituted from the senses acquired during the reading act; aspects regarding teachers formation during the period in which the journals were published (1931-1961), formation that was, at the same time, both ―technical‖ and ―humanist‖; the senses attributed to Didacticism by the producers of the analyzed articles; aspects according to the content that was taught in various levels of education, mainly in high school and primary school; and to contribute to a Didacticism history in Brazil.The theoretical and methodological focus of this researchwas also constitutedthrough formulations on the history of academic disciplines. In this sense, it was possible to consider that the analyzed journals constituted themselves as discussion forums about Didacticism, and such discussions contributed to the historic trajectory of Didacticism in primary school, high school and higher education in Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
Educação, História da Educação, Didática, Fóruns de discussão, Revistas Educação (1931-1932), Revista de Educação (1933- 1944), Educação (1945-1961)