Estudos complementares ao manejo do assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes Less.): fenologia, fitoquímica, histoquímica, anatomia e variação sazonal em população nativa
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2017-02-21
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Vernonia polyanthes Less., conhecida popularmente como assa-peixe, possui propriedades farmacológicas, tais como anti-hipertensivo, diurético e broncodilatadora. A época em que a espécie medicinal é coletada é um dos fatores de maior importância, visto que a quantidade e a qualidade dos constituintes ativos podem não ser constantes durante o ano. Torna-se importante estabelecer linhas de ação voltadas ao desenvolvimento de técnicas de manejo, visando à utilização desta espécie, aliada à manutenção do equilíbrio do ecossistema. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo de gerar informações para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de técnicas complementares ao manejo do assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes Less.) para que seja explorada de forma mais eficiente, sustentável e segura. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP - Campus Botucatu. Quarenta indivíduos foram acompanhados durante 24 meses e registrado as fases fenológicas, segundo Fournie. Coletas foram realizadas nos períodos sazonais: outono, inverno, primavera e verão, com, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: teor de óleo essencial, teor compostos fenólicos totais, variações na anatomia foliar e histoquímica. Estudou-se também tempo de extração de folhas caracterização do óleo essencial para a espécie. Verificou-se a correlação das fases fenológicas com as variáveis climáticas e além de serem observadas variações morfoanatômicas e fitoquímicas na Vernonia polyanthes Less nos diferentes estações e fases de desenvolvimento foliar. Conclui-se que, V. polyanthes possui ápices das fenofases reprodutivas no período de junho a setembro e vegetativa de outubro a maio, apresenta plasticidade anatômica e fitoquímica em resposta às variações sazonais. O tempo determinado para hidrodestilação foi de 106 minutos e o maior rendimento se dá no horário de 12h00min horas.
Vernonia polyanthes Less., commonly known as assa-peixe, has pharmacological properties, such as antihypertensive, diuretic and bronchodilator. The time when a medicinal species is collected is one of the most important factors, since the quantity and quality of the active constituents are not constant during the year. It is important to establish lines of action aimed at the development of management techniques, aiming at the use of this species, together with the maintenance of the ecosystem equilibrium. In this way, the present study aimed to generate information to support the development of techniques complementary to the management of assa-fish (Vernonia polyanthes Less.) To be exploited more efficiently, sustainably and safely. The work was developed at the Fazenda Experimental Lageado, belonging to the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas of UNESP - Campus Botucatu. Forty individuals were followed up for 24 months and recorded phenological activities / phases, according to Fournie. Samples were collected in the seasonal periods: autumn, winter, spring and summer, with five replications, a completely randomized design (DIC) with four treatments. The analyzed variables were: essential oil content, phenolic compounds, variations in leaf anatomy and histochemistry. It was also studied time of extraction of leaves characterization of the essential oil for the species. The correlation of the phenological phases with the climatic variables was verified and besides morphological and phytochemical variations in Vernonia polyanthes Less were observed in the different seasons. It is concluded that, V. polyanthes has the apices of the reproductive phenophases from June to September and vegetative from October to May, presents anatomical and phytochemical plasticity in response to seasonal variations. The time for hydrodistillation was two hours. It is concluded that, V. polyanthes has the apices of the reproductive phenophases from June to September and vegetative from October to May, presents anatomical and phytochemical plasticity in response to seasonal variations. The time for hydrodistillation was 106 minutes and the highest income is given in the hour of 12h00min hours.
Vernonia polyanthes Less., commonly known as assa-peixe, has pharmacological properties, such as antihypertensive, diuretic and bronchodilator. The time when a medicinal species is collected is one of the most important factors, since the quantity and quality of the active constituents are not constant during the year. It is important to establish lines of action aimed at the development of management techniques, aiming at the use of this species, together with the maintenance of the ecosystem equilibrium. In this way, the present study aimed to generate information to support the development of techniques complementary to the management of assa-fish (Vernonia polyanthes Less.) To be exploited more efficiently, sustainably and safely. The work was developed at the Fazenda Experimental Lageado, belonging to the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas of UNESP - Campus Botucatu. Forty individuals were followed up for 24 months and recorded phenological activities / phases, according to Fournie. Samples were collected in the seasonal periods: autumn, winter, spring and summer, with five replications, a completely randomized design (DIC) with four treatments. The analyzed variables were: essential oil content, phenolic compounds, variations in leaf anatomy and histochemistry. It was also studied time of extraction of leaves characterization of the essential oil for the species. The correlation of the phenological phases with the climatic variables was verified and besides morphological and phytochemical variations in Vernonia polyanthes Less were observed in the different seasons. It is concluded that, V. polyanthes has the apices of the reproductive phenophases from June to September and vegetative from October to May, presents anatomical and phytochemical plasticity in response to seasonal variations. The time for hydrodistillation was two hours. It is concluded that, V. polyanthes has the apices of the reproductive phenophases from June to September and vegetative from October to May, presents anatomical and phytochemical plasticity in response to seasonal variations. The time for hydrodistillation was 106 minutes and the highest income is given in the hour of 12h00min hours.
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Plantas medicinais, Vernonia polyanthes, Fitoquímica, Fenologia, Anatomia foliar