Análise da estimulação e identificação de defasagens no desenvolvimento de crianças em berçários: um estudo de caso
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Vizentini, Ieda Aparecida Barros [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa defende a proposta de que as instituições de educação infantil estejam atentas ao desenvolvimento e se constituam em um contexto de grande importância para a identificação precoce de defasagens no desenvolvimento de crianças de zero a três anos. Apoia–se em documentos federativos nos quais a criança é vista como um sujeito histórico e de direitos e na Perspectiva Bioecológica de Urie Bronfenbrenner que considera a multiplicidade de influências recíprocas entre a criança e outras pessoas do seu ambiente imediato, além do reconhecimento de que contextos mais distantes da sua realidade possam também determinar a direção e o conteúdo do seu desenvolvimento. Apresenta como principais questões de pesquisa: a) quais as proposições da instituição de educação infantil para estimulação do desenvolvimento nos três primeiros anos de vida e para identificação de possíveis defasagens deste processo? b) quais são as ações pedagógicas realizadas com crianças em salas de berçários para promover o desenvolvimento infantil com identificação de possíveis defasagens? A partir destes questionamentos, este estudo teve como pressuposto analisar as proposições da instituição, além das ações pedagógicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida em uma instituição de educação Infantil de um município do interior paulista. Participaram deste estudo duas ADIs (Agente de Desenvolvimento Infantil), três pajens e uma professora de creche. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e questionários, observação de rotinas em duas salas de berçários da instituição, além de roteiro de caracterização da instituição de Educação infantil e análise documental (Plano de Gestão). Os resultados evidenciaram que as proposições são constituídas de variadas ações teóricas, porém necessitam destaque mais específico na identificação das defasagens do desenvolvimento, enquanto que, as ações seriam adequadamente subsidiadas com a ampliação do campo de atuação do docente nas salas de berçários para no mínimo um período inteiro, seja matutino ou vespertino. Portanto, considera-se que o investimento em capacitação profissional, ampliação do tempo de trabalho do professor nas salas de berçários, interesse e envolvimento da equipe (pajens e ADIs) em atividades que estimulem o desenvolvimento integral das crianças, cujo conhecimento poderia repercutir no processo de identificação de algumas defasagens, passíveis de serem superadas em ações de caráter preventivo no próprio contexto da creche.
The present research supports the proposal that the institutions of early childhood education are attentive to child development and constitute a context of great importance for the early identification of gaps in the development of children from zero to three years. It is based on federal documents in which the child is seen as a historical and rights subject and in the Bioecological Perspective of Urie Bronfenbrenner, which considers the multiplicity of reciprocal influences between children and others from their immediate environment and the recognition of more distant contexts Of their reality can also determine the direction and content of their development. It presents as main research questions: a) What are the proposals of the institution of children's education institution to stimulate development in the first three years of life and to identify possible lags in this process? B) What are the pedagogical actions performed with children in nursery rooms to stimulate child development and to identify possible lags in this process? Based on these questions, this study aims to: 1) analyze the propositions of the institution of children's education institution to stimulate development in the first three years of life and identify possible lags in this process and 2) identify the pedagogical actions developed with children frequent in rooms Nursery to stimulate child development and identify possible shortcomings in this process. This is a qualitative research developed in a child education institution of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. Two ADIs (Child Development Agent), three pages and a daycare teacher participated in this study. Data collection was carried out through interviews and questionnaires, observation of routines in two nursery rooms of the institution, as well as a script for the characterization of children's education institution and documentary analysis (Management Plan). The results evidenced that the propositions are constituted of several actions (theoretical and practical), but they need a more specific emphasis in the identification of the developmental lags, whereas, the actions would be adequately subsidized with the extension of the field of action of the teacher in the nursery rooms for at least an entire period, whether morning or evening. Therefore, with the professional qualification, extended working time of the teacher in the nursery rooms, interest and involvement of the team (pages and ADIs) in activities that stimulate the integral development of the children, whose knowledge could have repercussion in the process of identification of some lags, Which can be overcome in preventive actions in the context of day care.
The present research supports the proposal that the institutions of early childhood education are attentive to child development and constitute a context of great importance for the early identification of gaps in the development of children from zero to three years. It is based on federal documents in which the child is seen as a historical and rights subject and in the Bioecological Perspective of Urie Bronfenbrenner, which considers the multiplicity of reciprocal influences between children and others from their immediate environment and the recognition of more distant contexts Of their reality can also determine the direction and content of their development. It presents as main research questions: a) What are the proposals of the institution of children's education institution to stimulate development in the first three years of life and to identify possible lags in this process? B) What are the pedagogical actions performed with children in nursery rooms to stimulate child development and to identify possible lags in this process? Based on these questions, this study aims to: 1) analyze the propositions of the institution of children's education institution to stimulate development in the first three years of life and identify possible lags in this process and 2) identify the pedagogical actions developed with children frequent in rooms Nursery to stimulate child development and identify possible shortcomings in this process. This is a qualitative research developed in a child education institution of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo. Two ADIs (Child Development Agent), three pages and a daycare teacher participated in this study. Data collection was carried out through interviews and questionnaires, observation of routines in two nursery rooms of the institution, as well as a script for the characterization of children's education institution and documentary analysis (Management Plan). The results evidenced that the propositions are constituted of several actions (theoretical and practical), but they need a more specific emphasis in the identification of the developmental lags, whereas, the actions would be adequately subsidized with the extension of the field of action of the teacher in the nursery rooms for at least an entire period, whether morning or evening. Therefore, with the professional qualification, extended working time of the teacher in the nursery rooms, interest and involvement of the team (pages and ADIs) in activities that stimulate the integral development of the children, whose knowledge could have repercussion in the process of identification of some lags, Which can be overcome in preventive actions in the context of day care.
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Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento infantil, Estimulação, Defasagens, Creche, Primeira infância