Perfil emocional e efeitos agudos da terapia de consciência corporal em universitários
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Data
2017-04-07
Autores
Ribeiro, Fernanda Elisa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ansiedade e depressão, sintomas frequentemente observados em estudantes universitários, têm sido relacionados com alterações na modulação autonômica. Entretanto, não se sabe se universitários com distúrbios emocionais apresentam alterações na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). Terapias mente-corpo têm demonstrado benefícios na saúde física e mental, bem como na VFC. A terapia de consciência corporal (TCC) utiliza movimentos lentos e consciência da postura e respiração para proporcionar consciência fisiológica e emocional. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram verificar a presença de sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão em universitários e analisar a relação desses sintomas com a VFC, bem como verificar os efeitos agudos da TCC na modulação autonômica de universitários. Os estudos foram compostos por 59 universitários de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária de 18-25 anos. Foram aplicados questionários para avaliação de sintomas de estresse (Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp), ansiedade e depressão (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão - HADS). Para análise da VFC, foram utilizados índices no domínio do tempo, da frequência e índices geométricos (Plot de Poincaré). Posteriormente, a amostra foi dividida aleatoriamente em grupo terapia (GT) (n=30) e grupo controle (GC) (n=29) e a VFC foi verificada em dois momentos para ambos os grupos, antes e após terapia para TCC para GT e antes e após repouso para GC. O índice SDNN (p=0,004) mostrou-se diminuído em universitários com sintomas de depressão, quando comparado com aqueles sem este sintoma. Os índices RMSSD (p=0,038) e SD1 (p=0,038) apresentaram-se diminuídos em universitários com concomitância de ansiedade e depressão em comparação daqueles com ausência de sintomas ou que apresentavam apenas ansiedade ou depressão. Após a TCC e após o repouso houve aumento dos índices RMSSD (p=0,000), SDNN (p=0,000), SD1 (p=0,000) e SD2 (p=0,000) no GT e GC, sendo observada redução de SD1/SD2 (p=0,024) no GT e SD1/SD2 (p=0,029) no GC. Os universitários do estudo apresentaram sintomas de estresse, ansiedade e depressão, sendo evidenciada redução do índice SDNN em indivíduos com sintomas de depressão e diminuição de tônus vagal (RMSSD e SD1) quando apresentados, simultaneamente, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os efeitos da TCC e do repouso na VFC dos universitários. Os universitários apresentaram aumento de índices parassimpáticos e de variabilidade global após a TCC e o repouso. Por proporcionar melhora da VFC, consequentemente, melhor adaptação emocional aos estressores, a TCC pode ser considerada uma estratégia adjuvante no enfrentamento das demandas acadêmicas vivenciadas por universitários.
Anxiety and depression, symptoms frequently observed in university students, have been related with alterations in autonomic modulation. It is not known if university students with emotional disorders present changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Mind-body therapies have shown benefits in physical and mental health as well as in HRV. Body awareness therapy (BAT) uses slow movements and awareness of posture and breathing to provide physiological and emotional awareness. The objectives of this research were to verify the presence of symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in university students and to analyze the relationship of these symptoms with HRV, as well as to verify the acute effects of BAT in the autonomic modulation of university students. The studies were composed of 59 university students of both sexes, from 18-25 years old. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the symptoms of stress (Lipp’s Inventory of Stress Symptoms) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). For HRV analysis, indices in the time and frequency domains and geometric indices (Poincare Plot) were used. Subsequently, the sample was randomly divided into therapy group (GT) (n = 30) and control group (CG) (n = 29) and HRV was verified in two moments for both groups, before and after BAT for GT and before and after resting for GC. SDNN index (p = 0.004) was shown to be decreased in university students with symptoms of depression, when compared to those without this symptom. RMSSD (p = 0.038) and SD1 (p = 0.038) indices were decreased in university students with concomitant anxiety and depression compared to those with no symptoms or who only presented anxiety or depression. After BAT and after resting, there was an increase in RMSSD (p=0.000), SDNN (p=0.000), SD1 (p=0.000) and SD2 (p=0.000) in GT and GC, and reduction of SD1 / SD2 (p=0.024) in GT and SD1 / SD2 (p=0.029) in the CG. The students demonstrated symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Individuals with symptoms of depression presented reduction of SDNN and those who presented concomitant symptoms of anxiety and depression showed a reduction in RMSSD and SD1 indices. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of BAT and resting in university student's HRV. The students showed an increase in parasympathetic indices and global variability after BAT and resting. By providing HRV's improvement, consequently, a better emotional adaptation to the stressors, BAT can be considered an adjuvant strategy in coping with the academic demands undergone by university students.
Anxiety and depression, symptoms frequently observed in university students, have been related with alterations in autonomic modulation. It is not known if university students with emotional disorders present changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Mind-body therapies have shown benefits in physical and mental health as well as in HRV. Body awareness therapy (BAT) uses slow movements and awareness of posture and breathing to provide physiological and emotional awareness. The objectives of this research were to verify the presence of symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression in university students and to analyze the relationship of these symptoms with HRV, as well as to verify the acute effects of BAT in the autonomic modulation of university students. The studies were composed of 59 university students of both sexes, from 18-25 years old. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the symptoms of stress (Lipp’s Inventory of Stress Symptoms) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). For HRV analysis, indices in the time and frequency domains and geometric indices (Poincare Plot) were used. Subsequently, the sample was randomly divided into therapy group (GT) (n = 30) and control group (CG) (n = 29) and HRV was verified in two moments for both groups, before and after BAT for GT and before and after resting for GC. SDNN index (p = 0.004) was shown to be decreased in university students with symptoms of depression, when compared to those without this symptom. RMSSD (p = 0.038) and SD1 (p = 0.038) indices were decreased in university students with concomitant anxiety and depression compared to those with no symptoms or who only presented anxiety or depression. After BAT and after resting, there was an increase in RMSSD (p=0.000), SDNN (p=0.000), SD1 (p=0.000) and SD2 (p=0.000) in GT and GC, and reduction of SD1 / SD2 (p=0.024) in GT and SD1 / SD2 (p=0.029) in the CG. The students demonstrated symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Individuals with symptoms of depression presented reduction of SDNN and those who presented concomitant symptoms of anxiety and depression showed a reduction in RMSSD and SD1 indices. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of BAT and resting in university student's HRV. The students showed an increase in parasympathetic indices and global variability after BAT and resting. By providing HRV's improvement, consequently, a better emotional adaptation to the stressors, BAT can be considered an adjuvant strategy in coping with the academic demands undergone by university students.
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Palavras-chave
Ansiedade, Depressão, Sistema nervoso autônomo, Terapias mente-corpo