Internacionalização de redes hoteleiras: um referencial analítico a partir das estratégias de entrada no mercado brasileiro
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Data
2017-03-27
Autores
Coletti, Gabriel Furlan [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O número de estudos que tratam da internacionalização de empresas tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Esse aumento é verificado, em grande medida, devido à adequação das teorias que tratam do tema à dinâmica do setor de serviços, tendo sido elas elaboradas originalmente para explicar o investimento estrangeiro de empresas industriais. Tal fenômeno ocorre em função do crescimento da importância do setor terciário na economia mundial e, principalmente, pela incorporação de diversos serviços em todas as cadeias produtivas da indústria. Essas estruturas de produção acompanham a divisão internacional do trabalho, com etapas específicas distribuídas pelos países segundo suas competências produtivas. Essa distribuição foi possibilitada, entre outros fatores, pela diminuição dos custos de transporte internacional, que levou a um aumento não apenas nos fluxos de comércio mundial, mas também na atividade turística internacional. O turismo, por sua vez, é uma atividade que necessita de diversos serviços, dentre eles os de hotelaria. As grandes empresas que prestam serviços hoteleiros também adotaram a estratégia de expansão internacional nos últimos anos, mas sua dinâmica difere de outras empresas de serviços em função da heterogeneidade do setor terciário. Visto isso, este trabalho tem o intuito de explorar a capacidade explicativa das teorias de internacionalização, bem como a possibilidade de adapta-las à dinâmica real do mercado, considerando as estratégias das redes hoteleiras internacionais no Brasil. Verifica-se que as teorias de internacionalização possuem poder explicativo limitado para a indústria hoteleira. Para responder tais questões, foram levantados dois objetivos: analisar as estratégias de entrada das redes internacionais de hotelaria no Brasil, e, posteriormente, estruturar um referencial analítico que compreenda as peculiaridades do segmento estudado. O trabalho, que utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa dentro de estudo de múltiplos casos, é iniciado com a caracterização e dimensionamento do setor de serviços e do segmento de hotelaria, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e levantamento das atividades. Os dados utilizados nesta pesquisa são levantados junto à Smith Travel Research (STR Global), que correspondem as 15 maiores redes de hotelaria com base em seus números de hotéis no Brasil e em seu tipo de operação/estratégia de entrada, numa amostra total de 1872 hotéis. Para o referencial de teorias e estratégias de internacionalização, é estruturada uma revisão bibliográfica em livros e artigos de periódicos, sintetizando seus pontos principais, tornando possível o esforço de análise qualitativa entre seus fundamentos e os dados levantados.
The number of studies concerning companies' internationalization has increased in the past years. This increase occurs largely due to the adequacy of theories that deal with the subject to the dynamics of the service sector, and these were originally designed to explain the foreign investment of industrial companies. Such phenomenon occurs due to the growth of the importance of the tertiary sector in world economy and, mainly, the incorporation of several services in all the productive chains of the industry. These production structures accompany the international division of labor, with specific stages distributed by countries according to their productive competencies. This distribution was made possible, among other factors, by the decrease in international transportation costs, which led to an increase not only in world trade flows, but also in international tourism activity. Tourism, in turn, is an activity that requires several services, such as hospitality. The large companies that provide hotel services have also adopted the strategy of international expansion in recent years, but their dynamics differs from other service companies due to heterogeneity of the tertiary sector. Thus, this work intends to explore the explanatory capacity of internationalization theories, as well as the possibility of adapting them to the real market dynamics, considering the strategies of international hotel chains in Brazil. It is verified that the internationalization theories have limited explanatory power for the hotel industry. In order to answer such questions, two objectives were raised: to analyze the entry strategies of international hotel chains in Brazil, and, later, to structure an analytical framework that comprehends the peculiarities of the studied segment. The work, which uses a qualitative approach within multiple cases study, is initiated with the characterization and dimensioning of the service sector and the hotel segment through bibliographic review and survey of activities. The data used in this research are collected from Smith Travel Research (STR Global), corresponding to the 15 largest hotel chains based on their hotel numbers and type of operation/entry strategy, with a total sample of 1872 hotels. For the internationalization theories and strategies referential, a literature review is structured based in books and articles, synthesizing its main elements, making possible the effort of qualitative analysis between its fundamentals and the collected data.
The number of studies concerning companies' internationalization has increased in the past years. This increase occurs largely due to the adequacy of theories that deal with the subject to the dynamics of the service sector, and these were originally designed to explain the foreign investment of industrial companies. Such phenomenon occurs due to the growth of the importance of the tertiary sector in world economy and, mainly, the incorporation of several services in all the productive chains of the industry. These production structures accompany the international division of labor, with specific stages distributed by countries according to their productive competencies. This distribution was made possible, among other factors, by the decrease in international transportation costs, which led to an increase not only in world trade flows, but also in international tourism activity. Tourism, in turn, is an activity that requires several services, such as hospitality. The large companies that provide hotel services have also adopted the strategy of international expansion in recent years, but their dynamics differs from other service companies due to heterogeneity of the tertiary sector. Thus, this work intends to explore the explanatory capacity of internationalization theories, as well as the possibility of adapting them to the real market dynamics, considering the strategies of international hotel chains in Brazil. It is verified that the internationalization theories have limited explanatory power for the hotel industry. In order to answer such questions, two objectives were raised: to analyze the entry strategies of international hotel chains in Brazil, and, later, to structure an analytical framework that comprehends the peculiarities of the studied segment. The work, which uses a qualitative approach within multiple cases study, is initiated with the characterization and dimensioning of the service sector and the hotel segment through bibliographic review and survey of activities. The data used in this research are collected from Smith Travel Research (STR Global), corresponding to the 15 largest hotel chains based on their hotel numbers and type of operation/entry strategy, with a total sample of 1872 hotels. For the internationalization theories and strategies referential, a literature review is structured based in books and articles, synthesizing its main elements, making possible the effort of qualitative analysis between its fundamentals and the collected data.
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Palavras-chave
Internacionalização, Estratégias, Redes hoteleiras internacionais, Mercado brasileiro, Indústria hoteleira, Internationalization, Strategies, International hotel chains, Brazilian market, Hotel industry