Profundidade de deposição de sementes na semeadura mecanizada da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.)
Carregando...
Data
2017-04-07
Autores
Giroti, Jéssica Fernanda [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Para obter uma produção agrícola de qualidade, é de extrema importância realizar uma semeadura adequada. A boa semeadura visa à distribuição longitudinal de sementes no solo para, somada ao fator profundidade de deposição das sementes, obter um estande correto e uniforme. A deposição incorreta da semente pode limitar o desenvolvimento das plantas por todo o seu ciclo e acarretar baixas produtividades. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as características agronômicas e a produtividade da cultura do milho nas diferentes profundidades de deposição de sementes em semeadura mecanizada. O presente trabalho foi conduzido no ano agrícola de 2015/2016, na área experimental da Fazenda Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, situada no Município de Botucatu/SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram as diferentes profundidades reais de deposição das sementes definidas pela regulagem na semeadora-adubadora, sendo 0,062 m, 0,052 m, 0,039 m, 0,023 m e 0,013 m. A semeadura foi realizada com o auxílio da semeadora-adubadora em sistema de preparo convencional do solo, com espaçamento de 0,90 m entre as linhas de cultivo. Os tratamentos foram conduzidos de acordo com cada regulagem, conforme posição da roda de profundidade de sementes. Foram feitas avaliações morfológicas, de velocidade de emergência das plântulas e a profundidade real de deposição das sementes. Para a análise estatística dos dados, os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), utilizando o teste F à 5% de probabilidade. Pode-se concluir que na menor profundidade de deposição de sementes o índice de velocidade de emergência, índice de sobrevivência, população de plantas e produtividade apresentaram os menores valores. A profundidade teórica foi maior do que a profundidade real devido a avaliação teórica ser realizada de forma estática. A profundidade real de 5,2 cm foi a que apresentou maior massa média de grãos por espiga e produtividade por área.
To attain a high quality agricultural production, it is extremely important to perform an adequate seeding. A good seeding procedure aims to longitudinally distribute the seeds into the soil to, combined with the depth of the seed deposition, obtain a true and uniform plant stand. The incorrect deposition of the seeds can limit the development of the plant throughout its cycle and lead to low productivity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the agronomical characteristics and the production culture of corn on the different depths of seed deposition available on a seeder-fertilizer. The experiment was conducted on the agricultural year of 2015/2016, in the experiment area of Lageado Farm, belonging to the College of Agronomy – UNESP – Botucatu/SP. The outline used was randomized blocks with 4 years repetitions. The treatments utilized were the actual different depths of seed deposition determined by the seeder-fertilizer regulation, being 0.062 m, 0.052 m, 0.039 m, 0.023 m and 0.013 m. The seeding was performed with the assistance of a seeder-fertilizer on a conventional tillage system, performed according to each regulation defined by the treatment, with 0,90 m of spacing between the cultivation lines. The treatments were conducted according to each adjustment, in accordance with the position of the seed depth-wheel. Morphological evaluation, seedling’s emergence speed and real depth deposition of the seeds were evaluated. For the statistical analysis of the data, the results were submitted to F test variance analysis (ANOVA), at 5% probability. It can be concluded that in deeper seed deposition the seedling’s emergence speed, survival rate, plant population and productivity index presented the lowest values. The theoretical depth was higher than the actual depth given the theoretical evaluation was performed in a static way. The actual depth of deposition of 5.2 cm was the one with the highest average grain mass per spike and the productivity per area.
To attain a high quality agricultural production, it is extremely important to perform an adequate seeding. A good seeding procedure aims to longitudinally distribute the seeds into the soil to, combined with the depth of the seed deposition, obtain a true and uniform plant stand. The incorrect deposition of the seeds can limit the development of the plant throughout its cycle and lead to low productivity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the agronomical characteristics and the production culture of corn on the different depths of seed deposition available on a seeder-fertilizer. The experiment was conducted on the agricultural year of 2015/2016, in the experiment area of Lageado Farm, belonging to the College of Agronomy – UNESP – Botucatu/SP. The outline used was randomized blocks with 4 years repetitions. The treatments utilized were the actual different depths of seed deposition determined by the seeder-fertilizer regulation, being 0.062 m, 0.052 m, 0.039 m, 0.023 m and 0.013 m. The seeding was performed with the assistance of a seeder-fertilizer on a conventional tillage system, performed according to each regulation defined by the treatment, with 0,90 m of spacing between the cultivation lines. The treatments were conducted according to each adjustment, in accordance with the position of the seed depth-wheel. Morphological evaluation, seedling’s emergence speed and real depth deposition of the seeds were evaluated. For the statistical analysis of the data, the results were submitted to F test variance analysis (ANOVA), at 5% probability. It can be concluded that in deeper seed deposition the seedling’s emergence speed, survival rate, plant population and productivity index presented the lowest values. The theoretical depth was higher than the actual depth given the theoretical evaluation was performed in a static way. The actual depth of deposition of 5.2 cm was the one with the highest average grain mass per spike and the productivity per area.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantabilidade, Semeadura, Zea mays L., Plantability, Sowing