Avaliação dos sítios de obstrução de via aérea superior através da sonoendoscopia
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Data
2017-02-16
Autores
Marão, Antonio Carlos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) acomete 1 a 4% da população infantil, o tratamento padrão ouro é a adenotonsilectomia (AT). Sabe-se que 10 a 35% dos pacientes submetidos a AT permanecem com SAOS residual. A endoscopia do sono induzido por droga (DISE) pode auxiliar no diagnóstico dos níveis de colabamento da via aérea superior (VAS), podendo melhorar esta estatísticas. Objetivos: avaliar a viabilidade da realização da endoscopia do sono induzido por droga (DISE) em crianças com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) e correlacionar os achados da mesma com a gravidade de SAOS pelo índice de apneia e hipopneia (IAH). Métodos: estudo prospectivo que avaliou crianças com SAOS confirmada pela polissonografia, com indicação de adenotonsilectomia (AT). As mesmas foram submetidas à DISE no momento imediatamente anterior a cirurgia e os resultados de gravidade de SAOS e níveis de obstrução foram comparados. Resultados: dos 45 indivíduos, 32 (20 masculinos) finalizaram todas as etapas do projeto, sendo que a média de idade foi de 7,5 anos (3,25 - 9,92) com média do índice de massa corporal pelo score-Z de 1,24 (-2,06 - 10,42) e gravidade de SAOS com IAH médio de 19,47 (2,9-54,8). A DISE mostrou que 15 (46,88%) pacientes apresentavam obstrução completa a nível de velofaringe e 23 (71,88%) a nível de orofaringe. Vinte e sete (84,32%) apresentavam algum grau de obstrução em velo e orofaringe associados. Nove (28,13%) apresentaram obstrução total em base de língua. Conclusões: a DISE pode ser considerada um exame útil para avaliar outros sítios obstrutivos menos usuais, como base de língua e epiglote. Neste estudo não foi encontrada relação estatisticamente significantes entre obstrução desses sítios com a gravidade de SAOS.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects 1 to 4% of the child population, the gold standard treatment is adenotonsillectomy (AT). It is known that 10 to 35% of the patients submitted to TA remain with residual OSAS. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) may aid in the diagnosis of upper airway collapse (VAS) levels and may improve these statistics. Objectives: Evaluate the feasibility of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to correlate the research with OSA severity with apnea and hypopnea index (AHI). Methods: prospective study evaluating children with OSAS confirmed by polysomnography, with indication of adenotonsillectomy (TA). They were submitted to DISE at the time immediately prior to surgery and the results of OSAS severity and obstruction levels were compared. Results: Of the 45 children, 32 (20 male) completed all stages of the project, the mean age of 7.5 years (3.25 - 9.92) with mean body mass index by Z-score of 1.24 (-2.06 - 10.42 ) And OSAS severity with mean AHI of 19.47 (2.9-54.8). The DISE showed that 15 (46.88%) patients had complete obstruction at the level of velopharynx and 23 (71.88%) at oropharynx level. 27 (84.32%) had some degree of associated fleece and oropharyngeal obstruction. 9 (28.13%) presented total obstruction on the basis of language. Conclusions: DISE can be considered an useful tool to evaluate other less common obstructive sites, such as the tongue and epiglottis. In this study, no statistically significant relationship was found between obstruction of these sites and the severity of OSAS.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects 1 to 4% of the child population, the gold standard treatment is adenotonsillectomy (AT). It is known that 10 to 35% of the patients submitted to TA remain with residual OSAS. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) may aid in the diagnosis of upper airway collapse (VAS) levels and may improve these statistics. Objectives: Evaluate the feasibility of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and to correlate the research with OSA severity with apnea and hypopnea index (AHI). Methods: prospective study evaluating children with OSAS confirmed by polysomnography, with indication of adenotonsillectomy (TA). They were submitted to DISE at the time immediately prior to surgery and the results of OSAS severity and obstruction levels were compared. Results: Of the 45 children, 32 (20 male) completed all stages of the project, the mean age of 7.5 years (3.25 - 9.92) with mean body mass index by Z-score of 1.24 (-2.06 - 10.42 ) And OSAS severity with mean AHI of 19.47 (2.9-54.8). The DISE showed that 15 (46.88%) patients had complete obstruction at the level of velopharynx and 23 (71.88%) at oropharynx level. 27 (84.32%) had some degree of associated fleece and oropharyngeal obstruction. 9 (28.13%) presented total obstruction on the basis of language. Conclusions: DISE can be considered an useful tool to evaluate other less common obstructive sites, such as the tongue and epiglottis. In this study, no statistically significant relationship was found between obstruction of these sites and the severity of OSAS.
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Palavras-chave
Apneia obstrutiva do sono, Endoscopia, Polissonografia, Criança, Obstructive sleep apnea, Endoscopy, Polysomnography, Child