As três faces do destino: castigo, transcendência e redenção em Guimarães Rosa
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Data
2017-05-25
Autores
Vital, Luisa Fernandes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A necessidade de explicação sobre o mundo e sobre si próprio é algo que sempre estimulou a sede de conhecimento do homem e o impulsionou em busca de respostas para sua realidade. Sendo assim, os mitos, narrativas indispensáveis com alto teor simbólico, foram criados na tentativa de interpretar os desejos e terrores humanos. Estando arraigados em nós, os mitos e seu teor simbólico, apresentados através de mitemas, ecoam nas mais diversas formas de produção artística. A dissertação tem como objetivo tecer uma mitocrítica de três contos de Guimarães Rosa - "Conversa de bois", "A hora e vez de Augusto Matraga", ambos publicados em Sagarana, no ano de 1946, e "A menina de lá" de 1962, publicado em Primeiras estórias - a partir do mito de Er, explicitado por Platão, no "livro X" d'A república. A escolha desses contos e desse mito se deve ao fato de que em ambos estão presentes dois mitemas: o destino e o julgamento final sob o motivo simbólico da viagem e da morte, respectivamente. O destino, na obra rosiana, desenvolve-se no cenário da viagem e culmina na morte prematura das personagens Agenor Soronho, Augusto Matraga e Nhinhinha. Esse fim abrupto representa uma espécie de julgamento final, realizado pelo destino. Pretende-se mostrar que cada morte tem um valor simbólico diferente, a saber: castigo, redenção e transcendência. Por meio da pesquisa centrada na fortuna crítica de Guimarães Rosa, sobretudo os estudos de Benedito Nunes e Suzy Sperber, e com o apoio teórico da concepção antropológica do mito defendida por Mircea Eliade e Gilbert Durand, busca-se localizar e identificar tais mitemas no texto platônico e no rosiano para entender a forma como estes são construídos pelo escritor. Obedecendo ao princípio de deslocamento de Frye, serão apontadas semelhanças e diferenças entre o mito platônico e os contos rosianos e examinado o modo como Guimarães Rosa constrói seu próprio conceito de destino e julgamento final mesclando os conceitos de livre arbítrio e justiça.
The need for explanation about the world and about ourself is something that has always stimulated man's thirst for knowledge and has propelled him to seek answers to his reality. Thus, myths, indispensable narratives with a high symbolic content, were created in an attempt to interpret human desires and terrors. Being rooted in us, the myths and their symbolic content, presented through mythemes, echo in the most diverse forms of artistic production. The reaserch aims to weave a mitocritic of three short stories by Guimarães Rosa - "Conversa de bois", "Hora e vez de Augusto Matraga", both published in Sagarana, in the year of 1946, and "A menina de lá" from 1962 , published in Primeiras estórias - from the myth of Er, explained by Plato, in "book X" of República. The choice of these tales and this myth is due to the fact that in both are present two mythemes: fate and final judgment under the symbolic motive of travel and death, respectively. The fate in Rosa's work unfolds in the scenery of the trip and culminates in the premature death of the characters Agenor Soronho, Augusto Matraga and Nhinhinha. This abrupt end represents a kind of final judgment, accomplished by fate. It is intended to show that each death has a different symbolic value, namely: punishment, redemption and transcendence. Through the research focused on the critical fortune of Guimarães Rosa, especially the studies of Benedito Nunes and Suzy Sperber, and with the theoretical support of the anthropological conception of the myth defended by Mircea Eliade and Gilbert Durand, it is sought to locate and identify such mythemes in the Platonic and Rosa's text to understand how these mythemes are constructed by the writer. Obeying the principle of Frye's displacement, similarities and differences between the Platonic myth and Rosa tales will be pointed out and examined the way in which Guimarães Rosa constructs his own concept of destiny and final judgment by mixing the concepts of free will and justice.
The need for explanation about the world and about ourself is something that has always stimulated man's thirst for knowledge and has propelled him to seek answers to his reality. Thus, myths, indispensable narratives with a high symbolic content, were created in an attempt to interpret human desires and terrors. Being rooted in us, the myths and their symbolic content, presented through mythemes, echo in the most diverse forms of artistic production. The reaserch aims to weave a mitocritic of three short stories by Guimarães Rosa - "Conversa de bois", "Hora e vez de Augusto Matraga", both published in Sagarana, in the year of 1946, and "A menina de lá" from 1962 , published in Primeiras estórias - from the myth of Er, explained by Plato, in "book X" of República. The choice of these tales and this myth is due to the fact that in both are present two mythemes: fate and final judgment under the symbolic motive of travel and death, respectively. The fate in Rosa's work unfolds in the scenery of the trip and culminates in the premature death of the characters Agenor Soronho, Augusto Matraga and Nhinhinha. This abrupt end represents a kind of final judgment, accomplished by fate. It is intended to show that each death has a different symbolic value, namely: punishment, redemption and transcendence. Through the research focused on the critical fortune of Guimarães Rosa, especially the studies of Benedito Nunes and Suzy Sperber, and with the theoretical support of the anthropological conception of the myth defended by Mircea Eliade and Gilbert Durand, it is sought to locate and identify such mythemes in the Platonic and Rosa's text to understand how these mythemes are constructed by the writer. Obeying the principle of Frye's displacement, similarities and differences between the Platonic myth and Rosa tales will be pointed out and examined the way in which Guimarães Rosa constructs his own concept of destiny and final judgment by mixing the concepts of free will and justice.
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Palavras-chave
Guimarães Rosa, Contos, Platão, Mito de Er, Destino, Mitocrítica