As relações étnico-raciais e as TIC na educação física escolar: possibilidades para o ensino médio a partir do currículo do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2017-06-14
Autores
Soares, Dandara de Carvalho [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As reflexões relacionadas às relações étnico-raciais na Educação de modo geral, e em particular na Educação Física escolar ainda não avançaram a ponto de serem tematizadas junto aos conteúdos disciplinares. Inclusive, em 2003 foi aprovada uma lei que introduz a obrigatoriedade de correlações étnico-raciais nos currículos escolares brasileiros. Entende-se que a Educação Física deve proporcionar aos alunos vivências e compreensões da cultura corporal de modo que sejam significativas para a vida cotidiana. Considerando que os estudantes que estão atualmente nas escolas são nativos digitais e que a tecnologia faz parte de sua realidade, utilizá-la de forma pedagógica nas aulas pode auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, rompendo a visão de Educação Física tradicional, no diálogo crítico entre os conteúdos e as mídias, na transposição das atividades para a vida, entre outros aspectos. Deste modo, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi elaborar uma unidade didática a partir do conteúdo do currículo do Estado de São Paulo para o Ensino Médio, utilizando as TIC para problematizar as relações étnico-raciais. Além disso, implementar e avaliar as percepções do professor e dos alunos sobre o trabalho desenvolvido. O percurso metodológico foi de natureza qualitativa, desenvolvido por meio de quatro etapas: 1) análise documental do currículo do Estado de São Paulo; 2) observação, grupo focal com os alunos e entrevista semiestruturada com o professor; 3) elaboração e implementação da unidade didática e 4) avaliação da unidade didática implementada. Os dados obtidos nas coletas de dados foram transcritos, revistos e classificados a partir da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados foram agrupados em três categorias principais: Relevância do tema; Preconceito racial e O uso das TIC. Sobre a "relevância do tema" verificou-se que tanto o professor quanto os alunos antes e depois das intervenções consideraram as relações étnico-raciais como um assunto importante para ser abordado na escola e nas aulas de Educação Física. Em relação ao "preconceito racial" observou-se que os alunos reconheceram que o mesmo não se trata apenas do ato de desqualificar o negro, mas também de privá-los de condições básicas para a vida, como saúde, educação e trabalho. Foi observado também que, mesmo depois da implementação da Unidade Didática, não houve alteração na postura dos alunos em relação às “brincadeiras”, os mesmos não reconheciam essas ações como racismo, consideravam que se tinham proximidade e intimidade com a pessoa, “brincar” com algumas características dos seus amigos não podia ser denominado preconceito, pois o objetivo desse tipo de ação não era insultar ou desqualificar. Quanto ao uso das TIC, três pontos merecem destaque. Observou-se primeiramente que a estrutura física da escola e a falta de conhecimento do professor sobre as tecnologias são fatores que limitam a inserção das TIC nas aulas de Educação Física. Em segundo lugar, a falta de empenho dos alunos também prejudica o trabalho com as ferramentas tecnológicas. O último ponto que vale ressaltar é que, mesmo com as limitações descritas acima, inserir as TIC nas aulas de Educação Física foi possível e elas potencializaram o desenvolvimento dos conteúdos. Considera-se com essa pesquisa que o currículo do Estado de São Paulo de Educação Física para o Ensino Médio possui conteúdos que propiciam a inserção das relações étnico-raciais. As TIC se mostraram essenciais para o trato desta temática, além de auxiliar na abordagem dos conteúdos, foram ferramentas que facilitaram a compreensão dos alunos acerca do tema, na participação e interação dos mesmos nas aulas e em atividades fora da escola.
The reflections related to ethnic-racial relations in Education in general, and in particular in the Physical Education school have not yet advanced to the point of being themed next to the disciplinary contents. In addition, a law was introduced in 2003 that introduces the obligatory ethno-racial correlations in Brazilian school curricula. It is understood that Physical Education should provide students with experiences and understandings of body culture so that they are meaningful for everyday life. Considering that the students who are currently in the schools are digital natives and that the technology is part of their reality, to use it in a pedagogical way in the classes can aid in the process of teaching and learning, breaking the traditional Physical Education vision, in the critical dialogue Between the contents and the media, in the transposition of activities for life, among other aspects. Thus, the objective of the present research was to elaborate a didactic unit from the content of the State of São Paulo curriculum for High School, using ICT to problematize ethnic-racial relations. In addition, implement and evaluate the perceptions of the teacher and students about the work developed. The methodological course was qualitative, developed through four stages: 1) documentary analysis of the curriculum of the State of São Paulo; 2) observation, focus group with students and semi-structured interview with teacher; 3) preparation and implementation of the didactic unit and 4) evaluation of the didactic unit implemented. The data obtained in the data collections were transcribed, reviewed and classified from the content analysis. The results were grouped into three main categories: Relevance of the theme; Racial Prejudice and The Use of ICT. Regarding the "relevance of the subject" it was found that both the teacher and the students before and after the interventions considered ethnic-racial relations as an important subject to be approached in the school and Physical Education classes. In relation to "racial prejudice", it was observed that the students recognized that it is not only about denigrating the Negro, but also depriving them of basic conditions for life, such as health, education and work. It was also observed that, even after the implementation of the didactic unit, there was no change in the posture of the students in relation to the "jokes", they did not recognize these actions as racism, they considered that they had proximity and intimacy with the person, With some characteristics of his friends could not be called prejudice, because the purpose of this type of action was not to insult or denigrate. Regarding the use of ICT, three points deserve attention. It was first observed that the physical structure of the school and the teacher's lack of knowledge about the technologies are factors that limit the insertion of ICT in Physical Education classes. Secondly, students' lack of commitment also undermines their work with technological tools. The last point worth highlighting is that, even with the limitations described above, inserting ICT in Physical Education classes was possible and they potentiated the content development. It is considered with this research that the curriculum of the State of São Paulo of Physical Education for High School has contents that propitiate the insertion of the ethnic-racial relations. ICTs were essential for dealing with this issue, as well as helping to approach content, were tools that facilitated students' understanding of the subject, their participation and interaction in class and in activities outside of school.
The reflections related to ethnic-racial relations in Education in general, and in particular in the Physical Education school have not yet advanced to the point of being themed next to the disciplinary contents. In addition, a law was introduced in 2003 that introduces the obligatory ethno-racial correlations in Brazilian school curricula. It is understood that Physical Education should provide students with experiences and understandings of body culture so that they are meaningful for everyday life. Considering that the students who are currently in the schools are digital natives and that the technology is part of their reality, to use it in a pedagogical way in the classes can aid in the process of teaching and learning, breaking the traditional Physical Education vision, in the critical dialogue Between the contents and the media, in the transposition of activities for life, among other aspects. Thus, the objective of the present research was to elaborate a didactic unit from the content of the State of São Paulo curriculum for High School, using ICT to problematize ethnic-racial relations. In addition, implement and evaluate the perceptions of the teacher and students about the work developed. The methodological course was qualitative, developed through four stages: 1) documentary analysis of the curriculum of the State of São Paulo; 2) observation, focus group with students and semi-structured interview with teacher; 3) preparation and implementation of the didactic unit and 4) evaluation of the didactic unit implemented. The data obtained in the data collections were transcribed, reviewed and classified from the content analysis. The results were grouped into three main categories: Relevance of the theme; Racial Prejudice and The Use of ICT. Regarding the "relevance of the subject" it was found that both the teacher and the students before and after the interventions considered ethnic-racial relations as an important subject to be approached in the school and Physical Education classes. In relation to "racial prejudice", it was observed that the students recognized that it is not only about denigrating the Negro, but also depriving them of basic conditions for life, such as health, education and work. It was also observed that, even after the implementation of the didactic unit, there was no change in the posture of the students in relation to the "jokes", they did not recognize these actions as racism, they considered that they had proximity and intimacy with the person, With some characteristics of his friends could not be called prejudice, because the purpose of this type of action was not to insult or denigrate. Regarding the use of ICT, three points deserve attention. It was first observed that the physical structure of the school and the teacher's lack of knowledge about the technologies are factors that limit the insertion of ICT in Physical Education classes. Secondly, students' lack of commitment also undermines their work with technological tools. The last point worth highlighting is that, even with the limitations described above, inserting ICT in Physical Education classes was possible and they potentiated the content development. It is considered with this research that the curriculum of the State of São Paulo of Physical Education for High School has contents that propitiate the insertion of the ethnic-racial relations. ICTs were essential for dealing with this issue, as well as helping to approach content, were tools that facilitated students' understanding of the subject, their participation and interaction in class and in activities outside of school.
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Palavras-chave
Educação física escolar, Relações étnico-raciais, Currículo do Estado de São Paulo, TIC, Physical scholl education, Ethnic-racial relations, State curriculum of São Paulo, ICT