Biopsia pulmonar por toracoscopia paraxifoide transdiafragmática com nó extracorpóreo através de dois portais em coelhos
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Data
2017-05-15
Autores
Wittmaack, Monica Carolina Nery [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A toracoscopia é importante para o diagnóstico e terapia de afeções pulmonares na medicina veterinária. Estudos mostram que procedimentos toracoscópicos causam menor dor e recuperação pós-operatória mais rápida. Desta forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo propor acesso toracoscópico menos invasivo com dois portais para obtenção de biopsia pulmonar em pacientes abaixo de 5 kg, além de descrever e avaliar a técnica de nó extracorpóreo para animais de baixo peso. Sendo assim, 10 coelhos foram utilizados como modelo experimental; foi descrita a técnica de toracoscopia através de dois portais, com acesso paraxifoide transdiafragmático para o primeiro portal, e acesso intercostal para o segundo portal. Nesse estudo, a insuflação da cavidade torácica não foi realizada. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico não houve complicações associadas à impossibilidade de deslizamento e cerramento do nó, nem como escape do nó após biopsia pulmonar. Em todos os animais verificou-se congestão de tecido pulmonar distal à endoligadura devido à oclusão de vasos e vias aéreas. O tempo total de cirurgia dos dez animais, desde a primeira incisão de pele até o término da dermorrafia foi de 41,4 ±14,5 minutos. As amostras pulmonares obtidas tiveram média de 1x0,64x0,45cm e foram consideradas satisfatórias segundo avaliação histopatológica. Radiografias torácicas pré e pós-operatórias foram realizadas e comparadas a fim de verificar-se ausência de pneumotórax e hemotórax. A necropsia foi realizada no décimo quinto dia de pós-operatório. Aderências do sítio de biopsia à membrana mediastínica e aderência do sítio de biopsia a pleura parietal foram achados macroscópicos em cinco animais. O nó extracorpóreo estava corretamente posicionado sem sinais de deslizamento e verificou-se margem de 2 a 4 mm de tecido pulmonar distal à ligadura. A técnica proposta permite apropriado acesso à cavidade pleural com mínimo trauma às estruturas torácicas e possibilitou a realização de biopsia pulmonar pelo nó extracorpóreo, com baixa ocorrência de complicações trans e pós-operatórias.
The aim of this study was suggest minimally invasive thoracoscopic technique using a biportal approach to perform lung biopsy in animals weighing less than 5 kg, moreover, it is intended to describe and evaluate the hand tied loop technique for low-weight animals. So ten rabbits were used as an experimental model, it was described thoracoscopy technique through two portals, with paraxiphoid transdiaphragmatic approach for the first portal, and intercostal approach for the second portal. In this study insufflation of the thoracic cavity was not performed. During surgery no complications associated with the impossibility of sliding and tightening knot or as escape knot after lung biopsy. In all animals, distal of the ligature were observed lung tissue congestion due to occlusion of vessels and airways. The miniloop system was considered effective for air leakage and hemorrhage after lung biopsy. The total surgical time from skin incision to suture was 41.4 ± 14.5 minutes. Tissue sample sizes obtained averaging 1x0,64x0,45cm and were considered satisfactory second histopathological evaluation. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were performed and compared in order to verify the absence of pneumothorax and hemothorax. The necopsy was performed on the 15th day after surgery. Adhesions between biopsy site and mediastinal membrane and adhesion between biopsy site and parietal pleura were findings in five animals. The hand tied loop were properly positioned and a margin of the pulmonary parenchyma 2 to 4 mm distal to the ligature was left to avoid complication as slipping knot. The proposed technique allowed access to the pleural cavity with minimal trauma to the thoracic structures and made possible the development of lung biopsy by extracorporeal knot with low occurrence of trans and postoperative complications.
The aim of this study was suggest minimally invasive thoracoscopic technique using a biportal approach to perform lung biopsy in animals weighing less than 5 kg, moreover, it is intended to describe and evaluate the hand tied loop technique for low-weight animals. So ten rabbits were used as an experimental model, it was described thoracoscopy technique through two portals, with paraxiphoid transdiaphragmatic approach for the first portal, and intercostal approach for the second portal. In this study insufflation of the thoracic cavity was not performed. During surgery no complications associated with the impossibility of sliding and tightening knot or as escape knot after lung biopsy. In all animals, distal of the ligature were observed lung tissue congestion due to occlusion of vessels and airways. The miniloop system was considered effective for air leakage and hemorrhage after lung biopsy. The total surgical time from skin incision to suture was 41.4 ± 14.5 minutes. Tissue sample sizes obtained averaging 1x0,64x0,45cm and were considered satisfactory second histopathological evaluation. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were performed and compared in order to verify the absence of pneumothorax and hemothorax. The necopsy was performed on the 15th day after surgery. Adhesions between biopsy site and mediastinal membrane and adhesion between biopsy site and parietal pleura were findings in five animals. The hand tied loop were properly positioned and a margin of the pulmonary parenchyma 2 to 4 mm distal to the ligature was left to avoid complication as slipping knot. The proposed technique allowed access to the pleural cavity with minimal trauma to the thoracic structures and made possible the development of lung biopsy by extracorporeal knot with low occurrence of trans and postoperative complications.
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Palavras-chave
Videocirurgia, Cirurgia torácica, Nó de Meltzer, Pulmão, Videosurgery, Thoracic surgery, Meltzer knot, Lung