Estratégias alimentares de tilápias-do-Nilo: desempenho produtivo e análise econômica na fase de terminação
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Data
2017-06-30
Autores
Pizzato, Gustavo Maciel [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A piscicultura intensiva em tanques-rede alocados em reservatórios artificias é um modelo viável de produção, no qual o desenvolvimento da tilápia é favorecido. Porém, o manejo alimentar em tanques-rede merece atenção extra, visto a grande participação da ração no custo de produção. Estratégias alimentares que aliem bom desempenho produtivo ao menor custo são fundamentais para a lucratividade e o desenvolvimento da atividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um protocolo adequado de fornecimento de ração para tilápias em tanques-rede na fase de terminação que favorecesse o desempenho produtivo e econômico dos peixes. Avaliaram-se estratégias alimentares com utilização de um dia de jejum semanal, ajuste da quantidade de ração conforme o consumo em diferentes tempos de tolerância (cinco, 15 e 25 minutos) e um controle, com tabela de alimentação. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 2x3, com sete repetições para cada estratégia alimentar e seis para o controle. Ao final do experimento, o jejum reduziu em 15% o índice de gordura víscero somático dos peixes. A estratégia com ajuste da ração conforme observação do consumo após 15 minutos proporcionou maiores valores de peso final, ganho em peso e melhor conversão alimentar. Embora a utilização da tabela de alimentação tenha levado à menor produtividade, o menor custo operacional total (COT) nesta estratégia assegurou lucro operacional médio satisfatório. A adoção do jejum reduziu o custo com mão de obra, embora sem alterações importantes no COT, uma vez que tal prática proporcionou menores produtividades e pior conversão alimentar. Assim, conclui-se que a estratégia alimentar sem jejum semanal e com quantidade de ração ajustada conforme o consumo em 15 minutos gera maior produtividade e menor COT médio, garantindo o maior lucro operacional e margem bruta.
Intensive fish farm with cages placed in artificial reservoirs is an interesting production model, in which the tilapia development is favored. However, the feed management in cages deserves extra attention, considering the high ration participation in the production cost. Feed strategies that combine good productive performance at the lowest cost are essential to the profitability and development of the activity. The aim of this study was to establish an appropriated protocol for feed supply tilapia in cages at the finishing phase that provide better productive and economic performance. Feed strategies considered a weekly fasting day, adjustment of the daily feed according to the consumption in different tolerance periods (five, 15 and 25 minutes) and a control, feeding the fish according to a feeding table. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, 2x3 factorial scheme, with seven replicates for each feeding strategy and six for the control. At the end of the trial, the fasting reduced the visceral somatic index by 15%. The strategy that adjust the feed considering the consumption in 15 minutes provided higher values of final weight, weight gain and better feed conversion rate. Although the feed table led to lower productivity, the lower total operating cost (TOC) in this strategy ensured a good average operating profit. The adoption of fasting reduced labor cost, although without significant changes in TOC, since this practice provided lower productivity and worst feed conversion rate. Thus, it was concluded that the strategy without a weekly fasting and with the feed adjustment according to the consumption in 15 minutes provide higher productivity and lower average TOC, which ensure the highest operating profit and gross margin.
Intensive fish farm with cages placed in artificial reservoirs is an interesting production model, in which the tilapia development is favored. However, the feed management in cages deserves extra attention, considering the high ration participation in the production cost. Feed strategies that combine good productive performance at the lowest cost are essential to the profitability and development of the activity. The aim of this study was to establish an appropriated protocol for feed supply tilapia in cages at the finishing phase that provide better productive and economic performance. Feed strategies considered a weekly fasting day, adjustment of the daily feed according to the consumption in different tolerance periods (five, 15 and 25 minutes) and a control, feeding the fish according to a feeding table. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, 2x3 factorial scheme, with seven replicates for each feeding strategy and six for the control. At the end of the trial, the fasting reduced the visceral somatic index by 15%. The strategy that adjust the feed considering the consumption in 15 minutes provided higher values of final weight, weight gain and better feed conversion rate. Although the feed table led to lower productivity, the lower total operating cost (TOC) in this strategy ensured a good average operating profit. The adoption of fasting reduced labor cost, although without significant changes in TOC, since this practice provided lower productivity and worst feed conversion rate. Thus, it was concluded that the strategy without a weekly fasting and with the feed adjustment according to the consumption in 15 minutes provide higher productivity and lower average TOC, which ensure the highest operating profit and gross margin.
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Palavras-chave
Avaliação econômica, Fase de terminação, Jejum, Oreochromis niloticus, Piscicultura, Economic evaluation, Finishing phase, Fasting, Oreochromis niloticus, Fish farming