Avaliação da influência de variáveis nutricionais e do fotoperíodo na morfologia de Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
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Data
2017-07-04
Autores
Ferreira, Mizael de Melo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Neoseiulus Hughes é um dos mais diversos da família Phytoseiidae, com cerca de 400 espécies descritas tendo como uma das espécies de maior representatividade na região neotropical Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon). Embora existam diferentes trabalhos de caracterização morfológica de ácaros fitoseídeos, pouco se sabe sobre quais são as prováveis causas dessas variações morfológicas intraespecíficas e se existe um padrão de ocorrência. Uma provável explicação esta relacionada à dieta disponível para esses ácaros no ambiente que são encontrados e variáveis ambientais. O presente estudo investigou a influência de três diferentes dietas e da variável ambiental fotoperíodo sobre estruturas de interesse taxonômico de N. tunus com o objetivo de concluir que dieta e fotoperíodo influenciam o padrão morfológico de ácaros e sob quais estruturas ocorre uma maior manifestação de variações. Os resultados do experimento de dietas mostram que o maior espectro de variações ocorreu nas setas dorsais, posteriormente nas macrosetas da perna IV, largura do escudo dorsal, distância entre as bases das setas genitais e largura posterior do escudo ventrianal. A maioria das setas dorsais responderam ao tratamento com variações significativas, sempre com os maiores tamanhos observados quando o alimento oferecido foi A. lycopersici. Em relação aos outros dois alimentos, as variações não apresentam um padrão muito claro nem de aumento nem de redução. As variações observadas ressaltam a necessidade de esforços para investigação de outras espécies da família Phytoseiidae, a fim de entender melhor as causas e o espectro das variações intraespecíficas nesses ácaros. Os resultados do experimento da variável ambiental sugerem que a duração do fotoperíodo tem ação no tamanho das estruturas de maneiras diferentes, algumas sendo afetadas pela variação desse fator, outras não. E dentre aquelas estruturas afetadas as resposta podem ser diferentes, uma vez que em alguns casos, como para várias setas dorsais, o maior tamanho foi associado ao maior fotoperíodo (14hs), enquanto por outro lado, o aumento no tamanho dos escudos dorsal e ventrianal foi relacionado ao menor fotoperíodo (10hs).
The genus Neoseiulus Hughes is one of the most diverse of the family Phytoseiidae, with approximately 400 described species having as one of the species of greater representation in the neotropical region Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon). Although there are different works of morphological characterization of phytoseiid mites, little is known about what are the probable causes of these intraspecific morphological variations and whether there is a pattern of occurrence. A likely explanation is related to the diet available for these mites in the environment that are found and environmental variables. The present study investigated the influence of three different diets and of one environmental variable (photoperiod) on structures of interest of taxonomic N. tunus aiming to verify if the diet and photoperiod influence the morphological pattern of mites and under what structures there has been a greater manifestation of variations. The results of the experiment of diets show that the larger spectrum of variations occurred in the dorsal setae, later in macrosetae of leg IV, width of the dorsal shield, distance between the bases of the genitals setae and posterior width of the shield ventrianal. Most of the darts ganglia responded to treatment with significant variations, always with the largest sizes observed when the food offered was A. lycopersici. In relation to the other two foods, the variations do not present a pattern very clear nor increase or reduction. The variations observed underscore the need for efforts to investigate other species of the family Phytoseiidae, in order to better understand the causes and the spectrum of variations intra specific upland these mites. The results of the experiment of the environmental variables suggest that the duration of the photoperiod has action on the size of the structures in different ways, some of them are affected by the variation of this factor, others do not. And among those structures affected the response may be different, since in some cases, as for several dorsal setae, the bigger size was associated with greater photoperiod (14hrs), while on the other hand, the increase in the size of the dorsal shields and ventrianal was related to lower photoperiod (10hrs).
The genus Neoseiulus Hughes is one of the most diverse of the family Phytoseiidae, with approximately 400 described species having as one of the species of greater representation in the neotropical region Neoseiulus tunus (De Leon). Although there are different works of morphological characterization of phytoseiid mites, little is known about what are the probable causes of these intraspecific morphological variations and whether there is a pattern of occurrence. A likely explanation is related to the diet available for these mites in the environment that are found and environmental variables. The present study investigated the influence of three different diets and of one environmental variable (photoperiod) on structures of interest of taxonomic N. tunus aiming to verify if the diet and photoperiod influence the morphological pattern of mites and under what structures there has been a greater manifestation of variations. The results of the experiment of diets show that the larger spectrum of variations occurred in the dorsal setae, later in macrosetae of leg IV, width of the dorsal shield, distance between the bases of the genitals setae and posterior width of the shield ventrianal. Most of the darts ganglia responded to treatment with significant variations, always with the largest sizes observed when the food offered was A. lycopersici. In relation to the other two foods, the variations do not present a pattern very clear nor increase or reduction. The variations observed underscore the need for efforts to investigate other species of the family Phytoseiidae, in order to better understand the causes and the spectrum of variations intra specific upland these mites. The results of the experiment of the environmental variables suggest that the duration of the photoperiod has action on the size of the structures in different ways, some of them are affected by the variation of this factor, others do not. And among those structures affected the response may be different, since in some cases, as for several dorsal setae, the bigger size was associated with greater photoperiod (14hrs), while on the other hand, the increase in the size of the dorsal shields and ventrianal was related to lower photoperiod (10hrs).
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Palavras-chave
Neoseiulus, Caracterização morfológica, Temperatura, Fotoperíodo, Morphological characterization, Temperature, Photoperiod