Avaliação da mortalidade e recuperação da função renal de pacientes sépticos com lesão renal aguda submetidos a diferentes durações de hemodiálise prolongada
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2017-09-27
Autores
Albino, Bianca Ballarin [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: A Hemodiálise Prolongada (HDP) é opção de suporte renal para pacientes críticos com lesão renal aguda (LRA) e instabilidade hemodinâmica. O tempo de HDP pode variar de 6 a 18h e as intercorrências mais comuns são hipotensão e coagulação de sistema. Objetivos: Este foi um estudo do tipo ensaio clínico com objetivo de avaliar e comparar mortalidade e recuperação da função renal em 28 dias de pacientes críticos com LRA submetidos a diferentes durações de HDP (sessões de 6 e 10h). Metodologia: Foram incluídos pacientes maiores de 18 anos com LRA associada à sepse, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, em uso de noradrenalina na dose de 0,3 a 0,7 ug/kg/min. Os pacientes foram alocados em dois grupos de modo aleatório. O grupo 1 (G1) foi submetido a sessões de 6 h e o grupo 2 (G2) a sessões de 10h. As comparações das variáveis contínuas entre os grupos foram realizadas através do teste t Student e teste de Mann-Whitney, e para as variáveis categóricas, os testes do Qui-Quadrado. Para as comparações das variáveis por sessões foi utilizado o modelo misto de análise de medidas repetidas no tempo com ajuste para Tukey. Foi realizada regressão logística uni e multivariada para associação com fatores de risco para o óbito e não recuperação da função renal. O nível de significância considerado foi de 5%. Resultados: Cento e noventa e quatro pacientes foram tratados com 531 sessões de HPD durante 50 meses consecutivos. A idade média foi de 60,8 ±14,9 anos, predomínio de sexo masculino (69,5%), o principal foco infeccioso foi pulmonar (41,2%) e o Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) foi 14,2 ± 2,9. O óbito foi o desfecho principal (81,7%) e a recuperação completa da função renal ocorreu em 25,7 % dos sobreviventes e de maneira parcial em 68,5%. O balanço hídrico positivo (pré e pós diálise) foi identificado como fator de risco para o óbito, enquanto a sobrecarga de volume após 3 sessões e a creatinina pré diálise associaram-se negativamente com a recuperação da função renal em 28 dias. A prevalência de hipotensão, coagulação de sistema, hipofosfatemia e hipocalemia foi de 50, 17,5, 20,5 e 11,2%, respectivamente. O G1 foi composto de 104 pacientes tratados por 276 sessões, enquanto o G2 foi composto de 90 pacientes tratados por 255 sessões. Ao se comparar as características clínicas e laboratoriais, os grupos apresentaram-se semelhantes quanto à predominância do sexo masculino (70,1 x 68,8%, p=0,84), idade (61,414,4 x 60,515,5, p=0,55), prognóstico específico para NTA (ATN-ISS) (0,760,1 x 0,770,2, p=0,87) e SOFA (14,13 x 14,42,9 p=0,47). Quanto às complicações dialíticas, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à hipotensão, hipocalemia e uso de anticoagulação no tratamento (46,7% x 53,7%, p=0,13; 11,5 x 10,9%, p= 0,93 e 45,2 x 36,8%, p= 0,06, respectivamente) e os grupos apresentaram diferenças quanto à coagulação de sistema, hipofosfatemia e interrupção do tratamento (12,3 x 23,1%, p=0,002 ; 15,5 x 25,8%, p=0,005 e 7,9 x 15,6%, p=0,008, respectivamente). Ao avaliar o controle metabólico e volêmico nas três primeiras sessões, os grupos apresentaram diferenças quanto a valores de taxa de redução da ureia (URR) (S1: 0,6 ± 0,1 x 0,68 ± 0,1 p<.0001, S3: 0,56 ± 0,1 x 0,62 ± 0,1 p= 0,03), valores séricos de potássio, fósforo e ph (S:3 4,3 ± 0,8 x 3,9 ± 0,6, p= 0,04; S3: 5,8 ± 2,2 x 4,1 ± 1,6, p=0,009 e S:3 7,2 ± 0,09 x 7,2 ± 0,1, p= 0,03 respectivamente), taxa de ultrafiltração (UF) prescrita (S1: 2064 ± 927 x 2580 ± 1000, p= 0,0002; S2: 2262 ± 852 x 2626 ± 1123, p=0,02 e S3: 2217 ± 755 x 2656 ± 1004, p=0,03) e UF real (S1: 1791 ± 963 x 2345 ± 1017, p =0,0006). Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao BH pré e pós três sessões de diálise. O óbito e a recuperação completa da função renal foram semelhantes entre os grupos (81,3 x 82,2%, p=0,87 e 21 x 31,2%, p= 0,7, respectivamente). Conclusão: Não houve diferença na evolução clínica de pacientes submetidos a diferentes durações de HDP e o BH positivo foi identificado como fator de risco para óbito.
Extended daily dialysis (EDD) has emerged as an alternative to CRRT in the management of hemodynamically unstable AKI patients, mainly in developed countries.This trial aimed to evaluate and compare mortality and recovering of kidney function in critically ill AKI patients during different durations of EDD sessions (6 vs.10h). We included patients older than 18 years with AKI associated with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit in use of norepinephrine dose ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 ucg/kg/min. Patients were divided into two groups randomly, group 1 (G1) was performed to sessions of 6 h and group 2 (G2) of 10h. The results are presented as mean and standard deviation (s.d.), according to the normality characteristics for each variable, with a 5% (p<0.05) significance level. The independent t-test was used to compare parametric variables between the two groups and the analysis of variance. For the analysis of repeated measures, the Tukey adjustment model was used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed for association with risk factors for death and no recovering of renal function. One and ninety four patients were treated with 531 sessions EDD for 50 consecutive months. Age was 60.8 ± 14.9 years, predominantly male (69.5%), the main focus of infection was pulmonary (41.2%) and SOFA was 14.2 ± 2.9. Death was the main outcome (81.7%) and complete recovery of renal function occurred in 25.7% of the survivors and partially in 68.5%. The positive fluid balance (pre- and post-dialysis) was identified as a risk factor for death, while volume overload after 3 sessions and pre-dialysis creatinine were negatively associated with recovery of renal function in 28 days. The prevalence of hypotension, filter clotting, hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia was 50, 17.5, 20.5 and 11.2%, respectively. G1 was composed of 104 patients treated by 276 sessions, while G2 was composed of 90 patients treated by 255 sessions. When comparing the clinical and laboratory characteristics, the groups were similar for the male predominance (70.1 x 68.8%, p = 0.84), age (61.4 ± 14.4 x 60, 5 ± 15.5, p = 0.55), specific prognosis for NTA (ATN-ISS) (0.76 ± 0.1 × 0.77 ± 0.2, p = 0.87) and SOFA (14, 1 ± 3 x 14.4 ± 2.9 p = 0.47). As for dialysis complications, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding hypotension, hypokalemia and use of anticoagulation in the treatment (46.7 x 53.7%, p = 0.13, 11.5 vs. 10.9% , P = 0.93 and 45.2 vs. 36.8%, p = 0.06, respectively) and the groups showed differences in filter clotting, hypophosphatemia and treatment discontinuation (12.3 vs. 23.1% %, P = 0.002, 15.5 x 25.8%, p = 0.005 and 7.9 x 15.6%, p = 0.008, respectively). When evaluating the metabolic and volume control in the first three sessions, the groups presented differences regarding urea reduction rate (URR) (S1: 0.6 ± 0.1 x 0.68 ± 0.1 p <.0001 , S3: 0.56 ± 0.1 × 0.62 ± 0.1 p = 0.03), serum potassium, phosphorus and ph values (S3: 4.3 ± 0.8 × 3.9 ± 0 , 6, p = 0.04, S3: 5.8 ± 2.2 × 4.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.009 and S3: 7.2 ± 0.09 × 7.2 ± 0.1, p= 0.03, respectively), the prescribed ultrafiltration rate (UF) (S1: 2064 ± 927 x 2580 ± 1000, p = 0.0002, S2: 2262 ± 852 x 2626 ± 1123, p = 0.02 and S3: 2217 ± 755 x 2656 ± 1004, p = 0.03) and real UF (S1: 1791 ± 963 x 2345 ± 1017, p = 0.0006). There was no difference between the groups regarding fluid balance pre and post EDD sessions. Death and complete recovery of renal function were similar between groups (81.3 vs. 82.2%, p = 0.87 and 21 vs. 31.2%, p = 0.7, respectively). There was no difference in the clinical evolution of patients submitted to different durations of EDD and positive fluid balance was identified as a risk factor for death.
Extended daily dialysis (EDD) has emerged as an alternative to CRRT in the management of hemodynamically unstable AKI patients, mainly in developed countries.This trial aimed to evaluate and compare mortality and recovering of kidney function in critically ill AKI patients during different durations of EDD sessions (6 vs.10h). We included patients older than 18 years with AKI associated with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit in use of norepinephrine dose ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 ucg/kg/min. Patients were divided into two groups randomly, group 1 (G1) was performed to sessions of 6 h and group 2 (G2) of 10h. The results are presented as mean and standard deviation (s.d.), according to the normality characteristics for each variable, with a 5% (p<0.05) significance level. The independent t-test was used to compare parametric variables between the two groups and the analysis of variance. For the analysis of repeated measures, the Tukey adjustment model was used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed for association with risk factors for death and no recovering of renal function. One and ninety four patients were treated with 531 sessions EDD for 50 consecutive months. Age was 60.8 ± 14.9 years, predominantly male (69.5%), the main focus of infection was pulmonary (41.2%) and SOFA was 14.2 ± 2.9. Death was the main outcome (81.7%) and complete recovery of renal function occurred in 25.7% of the survivors and partially in 68.5%. The positive fluid balance (pre- and post-dialysis) was identified as a risk factor for death, while volume overload after 3 sessions and pre-dialysis creatinine were negatively associated with recovery of renal function in 28 days. The prevalence of hypotension, filter clotting, hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia was 50, 17.5, 20.5 and 11.2%, respectively. G1 was composed of 104 patients treated by 276 sessions, while G2 was composed of 90 patients treated by 255 sessions. When comparing the clinical and laboratory characteristics, the groups were similar for the male predominance (70.1 x 68.8%, p = 0.84), age (61.4 ± 14.4 x 60, 5 ± 15.5, p = 0.55), specific prognosis for NTA (ATN-ISS) (0.76 ± 0.1 × 0.77 ± 0.2, p = 0.87) and SOFA (14, 1 ± 3 x 14.4 ± 2.9 p = 0.47). As for dialysis complications, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding hypotension, hypokalemia and use of anticoagulation in the treatment (46.7 x 53.7%, p = 0.13, 11.5 vs. 10.9% , P = 0.93 and 45.2 vs. 36.8%, p = 0.06, respectively) and the groups showed differences in filter clotting, hypophosphatemia and treatment discontinuation (12.3 vs. 23.1% %, P = 0.002, 15.5 x 25.8%, p = 0.005 and 7.9 x 15.6%, p = 0.008, respectively). When evaluating the metabolic and volume control in the first three sessions, the groups presented differences regarding urea reduction rate (URR) (S1: 0.6 ± 0.1 x 0.68 ± 0.1 p <.0001 , S3: 0.56 ± 0.1 × 0.62 ± 0.1 p = 0.03), serum potassium, phosphorus and ph values (S3: 4.3 ± 0.8 × 3.9 ± 0 , 6, p = 0.04, S3: 5.8 ± 2.2 × 4.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.009 and S3: 7.2 ± 0.09 × 7.2 ± 0.1, p= 0.03, respectively), the prescribed ultrafiltration rate (UF) (S1: 2064 ± 927 x 2580 ± 1000, p = 0.0002, S2: 2262 ± 852 x 2626 ± 1123, p = 0.02 and S3: 2217 ± 755 x 2656 ± 1004, p = 0.03) and real UF (S1: 1791 ± 963 x 2345 ± 1017, p = 0.0006). There was no difference between the groups regarding fluid balance pre and post EDD sessions. Death and complete recovery of renal function were similar between groups (81.3 vs. 82.2%, p = 0.87 and 21 vs. 31.2%, p = 0.7, respectively). There was no difference in the clinical evolution of patients submitted to different durations of EDD and positive fluid balance was identified as a risk factor for death.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lesão renal aguda, Hemodiálise prolongada, Mortalidade, Recuperação da função renal