A heterogeneidade sociodiscursiva da escrita em textos jornalísticos brasileiros e portugueses do século XXI
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Data
2017-09-27
Autores
Macedo, Ana Maria
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese tem como objetivo descrever a norma linguística usada por jornais brasileiros e portugueses no século XXI. A partir dos diferentes conceitos de norma, problematizamos as pesquisas sobre a escrita que a descrevem como norma única, descurando da heterogeneidade que a constitui enquanto língua em uso. Tomamos também a noção de poder simbólico que parece contribuir para manter a divisão entre fala e escrita desde os primeiros estudos sobre oralidade e letramento, associando escrita ora a norma culta ora à norma-padrão. Para isso nos valemos dos estudos de autores das ciências sociais, entre os quais estão Havelock (1996a[1963] 1996b[]), Ong (1987), Goody (1986, 2012), como autores da grande divisão proporcionada pela escrita, de linguistas como Coseriu (1973), Rey (2001), Aléong (2001) e Faraco (2002, 2008) sobre norma, Neves (2000, 2003, 2010, 2012), sobre aspectos referentes às escolhas gramaticais, Chaparro (2008), para abordar os aspectos históricos nos países pesquisados e também de Bourdieu (1974, 1998), que nos ajudou a refletir sobre o poder simbólico da escrita enquanto um artefato cultural e os poderes de distinção que o domínio dessa técnica produz no meio acadêmico e reverbera no meio social. Defendemos a tese de que a língua sob forma escrita é constitutivamente heterogênea, por ser língua em uso, logo, social e histórica. As reflexões apresentadas nesta pesquisa envolvem uma abordagem interdisciplinar para a discussão sobre escrita, o que implica considerar as diferentes ordens a partir das quais a escrita é discutida: como tecnologia e como manifestação da língua. Partindo de trabalhos de diversas áreas que discutem a relação entre fala e escrita, comparamos características atribuídas à escrita com a escrita de jornais brasileiros e portugueses, o que nos levou a questionar a designação marca da oralidade para elementos constantes em texto de uma instituição letrada como o jornal. Nossas análises nos permitiram afirmar que a escrita nos jornais observados diverge do que é apresentado como escrita, levando a uma discussão acerca da heterogeneidade que constitui os textos enquanto língua sob forma escrita. Concluímos, portanto, que determinadas estruturas e elementos linguísticos são descritos como próprios da fala por questões relacionadas aos valores sociais atribuídos à escrita, como norma explícita (ALEONG, 2001) e norma-padrão (FARACO, 2002), cujo valor simbólico atua mais fortemente para atribuir à escrita apenas os traços considerados mais distintivos socialmente
This dissertation aims to describe the linguistic norm used by Brazilian and Portuguese newspapers in the 21st century. Departing from different concepts of norm, we problematized researches on writing that describe it as a single norm, which neglect the heterogeneity that constitutes it as a language in use. We also consider the notion of symbolic power, seeming to contribute for maintaining the division between speech and writing since the earliest studies on orality and literacy, associating writing either with the cultured norm or with the standard norm. For this, we used the studies by authors in social sciences, among them Havelock (1996a [1963], 1996b), Ong (1987), Goody (1986, 2012); authors on the great division installed by writing, such as linguists Coseriu (1973), Rey (2001), Aléong (2001) and Faraco (2002, 2008); and on a normative perspective, Neves (2000, 2003, 2010, 2012) who discusses grammatical choices, Chaparro (2008) to objectify the historical aspects in the countries surveyed and also Bourdieu (1974, 1998), who helped us to reflect on the symbolic power of writing as a cultural artifact and the powers of distinction, seeing what the domain of this technique produces in the academic environment and reverberates in the social environment. We defend the thesis that language in written form is constitutively heterogeneous by being a language in use, therefore, social and historical. The reflections presented in this research involve an interdisciplinary approach to the discussion about writing, which implies considering the different orders from which writing is discussed as a technology and manifestation of the language. Based on studies from several areas that discuss the relationship between speech and writing, we compared characteristics attributed to writing, by Brazilian and Portuguese newspapers’ writings, leading us to question the designation of “orality mark” for constant elements in texts from a literate institution, such as the newspaper. Our analyses allowed us to affirm that writing in the observed newspapers differs from what is presented as written, which led us to a discussion about the heterogeneity that constitutes texts as written language. We conclude that certain structures and linguistic elements are described as specific to speech for issues related to social values attributed to writing, as an explicit norm (ALEONG, 2001) and standard norm (FARACO, 2002), whose symbolic value acts more strongly to attributing to writing only the traits which are considered more socially distinctive
This dissertation aims to describe the linguistic norm used by Brazilian and Portuguese newspapers in the 21st century. Departing from different concepts of norm, we problematized researches on writing that describe it as a single norm, which neglect the heterogeneity that constitutes it as a language in use. We also consider the notion of symbolic power, seeming to contribute for maintaining the division between speech and writing since the earliest studies on orality and literacy, associating writing either with the cultured norm or with the standard norm. For this, we used the studies by authors in social sciences, among them Havelock (1996a [1963], 1996b), Ong (1987), Goody (1986, 2012); authors on the great division installed by writing, such as linguists Coseriu (1973), Rey (2001), Aléong (2001) and Faraco (2002, 2008); and on a normative perspective, Neves (2000, 2003, 2010, 2012) who discusses grammatical choices, Chaparro (2008) to objectify the historical aspects in the countries surveyed and also Bourdieu (1974, 1998), who helped us to reflect on the symbolic power of writing as a cultural artifact and the powers of distinction, seeing what the domain of this technique produces in the academic environment and reverberates in the social environment. We defend the thesis that language in written form is constitutively heterogeneous by being a language in use, therefore, social and historical. The reflections presented in this research involve an interdisciplinary approach to the discussion about writing, which implies considering the different orders from which writing is discussed as a technology and manifestation of the language. Based on studies from several areas that discuss the relationship between speech and writing, we compared characteristics attributed to writing, by Brazilian and Portuguese newspapers’ writings, leading us to question the designation of “orality mark” for constant elements in texts from a literate institution, such as the newspaper. Our analyses allowed us to affirm that writing in the observed newspapers differs from what is presented as written, which led us to a discussion about the heterogeneity that constitutes texts as written language. We conclude that certain structures and linguistic elements are described as specific to speech for issues related to social values attributed to writing, as an explicit norm (ALEONG, 2001) and standard norm (FARACO, 2002), whose symbolic value acts more strongly to attributing to writing only the traits which are considered more socially distinctive
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Escrita, Norma, Português brasileiro, Português europeu