Incorporação de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco ou diacetato de clorexidina em um cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade
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Data
2017-09-12
Autores
Marti, Luana Mafra [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Avaliou-se a dureza superficial, rugosidade, porosidade, resistência a compressão, atividade antibiofilme, atividade metabólica do biofilme (XTT) e observou-se a aderência e formação do biofilme em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) de um cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) de alta viscosidade (Ketac Molar Easy Mix), associado a nanopartículas de óxido de zinco (NPZnO) a 2% ou ao diacetato de clorexidina (CLX) nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 2%. Como grupo controle utilizou-se o próprio CIV. Para os testes físicos, mecânicos e atividade antibiofilme foram confeccionados 10 corpos de prova por grupo, para o teste de XTT e MEV, foram utilizados 5 e 2 corpos de prova por grupo respectivamente. A atividade antibiofilme foi avaliada para biofilme monoespécie de Streptococus mutans, no período de incubação de 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias. Realizou-se contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia por mililitro (UFC/mL) e a atividade metabólica do biofilme, assim como a observação em MEV foram avaliadas nos os períodos de 1 e 7 dias . Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e atenderam quanto à normalidade e a homogeneidade de variâncias. Realizou-se análise paramétrica de variância (ANOVA) para verificar diferença estatística seguida pelo teste de Tukey. Todos os testes foram realizados com um nível de significância de 5%. Avaliação qualitativa em MEV foi realizada para a observação da aderência e formação de biofilme. No teste de dureza superficial todos os grupos apresentaram diminuição dos valores, sendo, dos grupos com CLX, os menores valores. Para a rugosidade superficial, apenas o grupo com NPZnO apresentou aumento significativo, sendo os demais grupos, semelhantes ao controle. A CLX 0,5% apresentou redução do número (p=0,001) e área de poros (p=0,035) e o teste de resistencia à compressão não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os grupos. Nas primeiras 24 h todos os grupos apresentaram redução da atividade metabólica do biofilme em relação ao controle e após 7 dias apenas a CLX 1% conseguiu manter essa redução. A atividade antibiofilme foi aumentada no 14º dia de avaliação para os grupos de CLX a 1% e 2%. A MEV demostrou a aderência e formação de biofilme de Streptococus mutans sobre a superfície dos espécimes no primeiro e sétimo dia de experimento. Conclui-se que o diacetato de CLX a 1% foi o material com resultados antibacterianos mais promissores e embora tenha diminuido a dureza superficial do CIV não causou prejuízos as demais propriedades estudadas.
It was evaluated the surface hardness, roughness, porosity, compressive strength, antibiofilm activity, metabolic activity of the biofilm (XTT) and the adherence and formation of the biofilm in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) of high viscosity (Ketac Molar Easy Mix), associated with 2% zinc oxide (NPZnO) nanoparticles or chlorhexidine diacetate (CLX) at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. As a control group, the GIC itself was used. For the physical, mechanical and antibiofilm activity tests, 10 specimens were prepared per group, for the XTT and MEV test, 5 and 2 specimens were used per group, respectively. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated for monospecific biofilm of Streptococus mutans, during the incubation period of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The colony forming units were counted per milliliter (CFU / mL) and the metabolic activity of the biofilm, as well as the SEM observation, were evaluated in the 1 and 7 day periods. The data were analyzed statistically and attended to the normality and homogeneity of variances. We performed a parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) to verify statistical difference followed by the Tukey test. All tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. Qualitative evaluation in SEM was performed for the observation of adhesion and biofilm formation. In the superficial hardness test, all groups showed decreased values, being the lowest values of the CLX groups. For the surface roughness, only the group with NPZnO presented a significant increase, the other groups being similar to the control. The CLX 0.5% presented reduction of number (p = 0.001) and pore area (p = 0.035) and the compressive strength test showed no significant difference between the groups. In the first 24 h, all groups presented a reduction in the metabolic activity of the biofilm in relation to the control and after 7 days only CLX 1% managed to maintain this reduction. The antibiofilm activity was increased on the 14th day of evaluation for the 1% and 2% CLX groups. SEM showed the adherence and biofilm formation of Streptococus mutans on the surface of the specimens on the first and seventh day of the experiment. It was concluded that 1% CLX diacetate was the material with the most promising antibacterial results and although it has decreased the surface hardness of the GIC, it did not cause damage to the other properties studied.
It was evaluated the surface hardness, roughness, porosity, compressive strength, antibiofilm activity, metabolic activity of the biofilm (XTT) and the adherence and formation of the biofilm in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) of high viscosity (Ketac Molar Easy Mix), associated with 2% zinc oxide (NPZnO) nanoparticles or chlorhexidine diacetate (CLX) at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. As a control group, the GIC itself was used. For the physical, mechanical and antibiofilm activity tests, 10 specimens were prepared per group, for the XTT and MEV test, 5 and 2 specimens were used per group, respectively. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated for monospecific biofilm of Streptococus mutans, during the incubation period of 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The colony forming units were counted per milliliter (CFU / mL) and the metabolic activity of the biofilm, as well as the SEM observation, were evaluated in the 1 and 7 day periods. The data were analyzed statistically and attended to the normality and homogeneity of variances. We performed a parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) to verify statistical difference followed by the Tukey test. All tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. Qualitative evaluation in SEM was performed for the observation of adhesion and biofilm formation. In the superficial hardness test, all groups showed decreased values, being the lowest values of the CLX groups. For the surface roughness, only the group with NPZnO presented a significant increase, the other groups being similar to the control. The CLX 0.5% presented reduction of number (p = 0.001) and pore area (p = 0.035) and the compressive strength test showed no significant difference between the groups. In the first 24 h, all groups presented a reduction in the metabolic activity of the biofilm in relation to the control and after 7 days only CLX 1% managed to maintain this reduction. The antibiofilm activity was increased on the 14th day of evaluation for the 1% and 2% CLX groups. SEM showed the adherence and biofilm formation of Streptococus mutans on the surface of the specimens on the first and seventh day of the experiment. It was concluded that 1% CLX diacetate was the material with the most promising antibacterial results and although it has decreased the surface hardness of the GIC, it did not cause damage to the other properties studied.
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Palavras-chave
Cimentos de ionômeros de vidro, Nanopartículas, Óxido de zinco, Propriedades físicas, Biofilmes, Clorexidina, Glass ionomer cements, Nanoparticles, Zinc oxide, Physical properties, Biofilms, Chlorhexidin