Dendroecologia de três espécies do Cerrado brasileiro
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Data
2017-09-18
Autores
Leite, Patricia Tiemi de Paula [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento a respeito do crescimento e da formação estrutural da madeira em árvores, são preceitos básicos para entender como o clima influencia o desenvolvimento arbóreo, aqui exemplificadas pelo estudo das populações de Qualea grandiflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae), Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae) e Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência do clima no desenvolvimento do tronco das árvores de três espécies nativas do Cerrado, contribuindo assim para a sua conservação e manejo. Para alcançar esses objetivos foram realizados estudos dendrocronológicos, associados ao uso de técnicas de raios-X aplicados no lenho, utilização do conceito de manejo GOL (exploração orientada pelo crescimento), utilização de faixas dendrométricas, fenologia e anatomia cambial. Cada espécie apresentou individualidade no crescimento e houve evidente variação interespecífica. Mesmo considerando o lento crescimento cambial detectado, o incremento radial do tronco foi influenciado pelo déficit hídrico sazonal, reduzindo as taxas de crescimento nos períodos secos, e a fenologia apresentou sazonalidade nas fenofases estudadas. Por meio da construção das cronologias foi verificada a existência de correlação entre as larguras dos anéis de crescimento e clima. O crescimento das espécies foi influenciado pelas variáveis climáticas regionais (precipitação e temperatura) e possuem teleconexão com as anomalias de Temperatura da Superfície do Mar (TSM) do El Niño Pacífico, mas não apresentou relação com a TSM do Atlântico Sul. Nossos dados mostram informações importantes sobre as taxas de incrementos para o manejo sustentável das três espécies. Verificamos que o déficit hídrico foi determinante para o incremento radial do tronco no período de 2014 a 2016 e para fenologia, esse déficit afetou a duração das fenofases. Verificamos também que as variáveis climáticas (regionais e globais) modularam o crescimento das três espécies. E finalmente, as dificuldades encontradas no processamento adequado das microamostras de madeira interferiram na qualidade e o resultado final do estudo da anatomia cambial.
The knowledge about the tree growth and wood formation is has a fundamental role for the understanding of how environment and climate have influenced the development of tree populations, here explored sstuding three cerrado species: Qualea grandiflora Mart.Vochysiaceae), Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae) and Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae). The objective of this study was to investigate how climate influenced the development of these three species of trees native from Cerrado, contributing for their conservation and logging management. For that end, we conducted conventional dendrochronological studies associated to other techniques: wood X-ray, the management concept GOL (Growth Oriented Logging), the use of dendrometric bands, all associated to phenology and cambium anatomy. Each species showed particularites related to growth patterns and evident interspecific variation. The slow growth rate and the radial increment were influenced by the seasonal water deficit, reducing the growth rates during the dry seasons, and matched the seasonality of the observed leafing and reproductive phenology. The recovered chronologies indicated a correlation between the growth rings and the climatic variables. The growth was influenced by regional climatic variables (precipitation and temperature) and the teleconnection with the El Niño Pacific SST (Sea Surface Temperature) anomalies, but it was not related to the South Atlantic SST. Our data show adequate information on the incremental rates at the sustainable management of the three species. It was verified that the water deficit was determinant for the radial increase in the period from 2014 to 2016 and for phenology, this deficit affected the duration of the phenophases. It was also verified that the climatic variables (regional and global) modulated the growth of the three species. Finally, the difficulties in the processing of microcores of wood interfered with the quality and the result of the exchange anatomy study. The difficulties in the processing of high-density wood samples interfered on the quality and the result of the exchange anatomy study.
The knowledge about the tree growth and wood formation is has a fundamental role for the understanding of how environment and climate have influenced the development of tree populations, here explored sstuding three cerrado species: Qualea grandiflora Mart.Vochysiaceae), Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae) and Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez. (Lauraceae). The objective of this study was to investigate how climate influenced the development of these three species of trees native from Cerrado, contributing for their conservation and logging management. For that end, we conducted conventional dendrochronological studies associated to other techniques: wood X-ray, the management concept GOL (Growth Oriented Logging), the use of dendrometric bands, all associated to phenology and cambium anatomy. Each species showed particularites related to growth patterns and evident interspecific variation. The slow growth rate and the radial increment were influenced by the seasonal water deficit, reducing the growth rates during the dry seasons, and matched the seasonality of the observed leafing and reproductive phenology. The recovered chronologies indicated a correlation between the growth rings and the climatic variables. The growth was influenced by regional climatic variables (precipitation and temperature) and the teleconnection with the El Niño Pacific SST (Sea Surface Temperature) anomalies, but it was not related to the South Atlantic SST. Our data show adequate information on the incremental rates at the sustainable management of the three species. It was verified that the water deficit was determinant for the radial increase in the period from 2014 to 2016 and for phenology, this deficit affected the duration of the phenophases. It was also verified that the climatic variables (regional and global) modulated the growth of the three species. Finally, the difficulties in the processing of microcores of wood interfered with the quality and the result of the exchange anatomy study. The difficulties in the processing of high-density wood samples interfered on the quality and the result of the exchange anatomy study.
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Palavras-chave
Dendrocronologia, Floresta tropical seca, Mudanças climáticas, Manejo, ENSO, Dendrochronology, Tropical dry forest, Climate change, Management