A tarefa de casa e o envolvimento familiar na inclusão escolar de alunos com deficiência física
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Data
2017-10-23
Autores
Gregorutti, Carolina Cangemi [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A tarefa de casa tem uma função particularmente interessante além do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, pois pode funcionar como uma atividade mediadora da integração entre a escola e a família, tão necessária na Educação Inclusiva. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o envolvimento de pais ou outros familiares responsáveis por alunos com deficiência física na realização da tarefa de casa, considerando o processo de escolarização no contexto da Educação Inclusiva. Toda a análise visou a identificar as concepções dos participantes sobre a tarefa de casa e a parceria escola-família, as condições oferecidas à criança com deficiência física para a realização da tarefa de casa e as atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão. Participaram 15 cuidadores familiares de crianças com deficiência física inseridas na Educação Infantil e nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os participantes foram entrevistados em suas próprias residências em uma cidade no interior de São Paulo. Foram utilizados os seguintes materiais para a coleta dos dados: Ficha de Caracterização do Familiar Participante, que tinha como finalidade coletar informações referentes aos participantes, como o nome, a idade, a formação educacional, as caracterizações da criança com deficiência física, a organização da rotina familiar em relação à execução da tarefa de casa por esse aluno, a rotina da família, entre outros dados; Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS – versão brasileira) que determina qual nível melhor representa as habilidades e limitações na função motora grossa que a criança apresenta; Sistema de Classificação da Habilidade Manual (MACS) que descreve como as crianças usam suas mãos para manipular objetos em atividades diárias; Viking Speech Scale (VSS), escala desenvolvida para classificar a produção de fala das crianças; Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão (ELASI), utilizada para avaliar as atitudes sociais dos familiares em relação à inclusão e, por fim, o Roteiro de Entrevista Semiestruturado, dividido em duas partes. A parte 1 do roteiro tinha a finalidade de identificar a concepção dos familiares sobre a tarefa de casa, o papel da escola e da família no processo de escolarização da criança, a parceria colaborativa entre a escola e a família; o papel da família no auxílio da criança nas tarefas de casa; a frequência e a maneira como as tarefas de casa eram realizadas no ambiente domiciliar. A parte 2 se destinou a identificar como as tarefas de casa estavam inseridas na rotina familiar dos alunos com deficiência física e como ocorria a participação dos familiares, além de detectar as possíveis dificuldades para a execução das tarefas de casa. Os dados foram organizados e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente e análises adicionais foram realizadas, estabelecendo as necessárias comparações com base no perfil do participante e do aluno com deficiência física. Os resultados sugeriram que as famílias acolhiam bem a tarefa de casa e até criavam condições favoráveis para a sua realização pela criança. Entretanto, para que efetivamente ocorra a parceria colaborativa entre a escola e a família, em benefício da aprendizagem escolar da criança, pode ser necessária uma comunicação mais efetiva entre as duas partes: a professora precisa orientar o familiar cuidador a auxiliar adequadamente a realização da tarefa pela criança com deficiência física e necessita receber informações do cuidador quanto a eventuais dificuldades encontradas pela criança na realização de cada atividade. O envolvimento dos cuidadores familiares na realização das tarefas de casa pode ser uma importante estratégia tanto para promover um bom desempenho acadêmico do aluno com deficiência física quanto para criar condições favoráveis para a parceria colaborativa entre a escola e a família.
A homework assignment has a particularly interesting role beyond the teaching and learning process, since it may work as a mediating activity of integration between a school and a family, much needed in Inclusive Education. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of parents or other relatives responsible for students with physical disabilities in the accomplishment of the homework, considering the process of schooling in the context of Inclusive Education. The whole analysis aimed at identifying the conception of the participants about homework and school-family partnership, the conditions available for physical disability for a homework assignment and social attitudes towards inclusion. Fifteen families of children´s caregivers with physical disabilities insertions in Early Childhood Education and in the initial years of Elementary School took part in this study. The participants have been interviewed in their own homes in a city of São Paulo state. The following tools have been used for data collection: Characterization Sheet of the Family´s Participant, whose purpose is to collect information regarding to the participants, such as name, age, educational background, characterization of the child with physical disability, organization of the family routine in relation to execution of the homework of the child with physical disability, family routine, among other data; Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS - Brazilian version) that determines the best representative performance as abilities and limits in the gross motor function that the child presents; Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) that describes how the children use their hands for manipulate objects in daily activities; Viking Speech Scale (VSS), developed to classify children's speech production; Likert Scale of Social Attitudes in Relation to Inclusion (ELASI – in Portuguese), used to evaluate the social attitudes of family members in relation to inclusion and finally the Semi Structured Interview Roadmap, divided into two parts. Part 1 of the script had a purpose of identifying the family´s conception about homework assignment, the role of the school and the family in the child's schooling process, a collaborative partnership between school and family, and the role of the family without the child's help in household chores; also sought to identify a frequency and a way in which the homework were carried out in the home environment. Part 2 was intended to identify how as homework were integrated into the family routine of students with physical disability and how the participation of family members occurred, in addition to identify possible difficulties for the execution of the homework. The data were organized and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and further analysis were performed, providing comparisons based on the participant profile and the student with physical disability. The results suggested that the families well received the homework and even built conditions for their achievement by a child with physical disability. However, in order for a collaborative partnership between the school and the family to take place effectively for the benefit of the child's school learning, a more effective communication between the two parties may be necessary: the teacher must direct the family caregiver to adequately assist the homework accomplishment by the child with physical disability and need to receive information from the caregiver regarding any difficulties encountered by the child in the performance of each activity. The involvement of family caregivers in the accomplishment of the homework can be an important strategy both to promote a good academic performance of the student with physical disability and to create favorable conditions for the collaborative partnership between the school and the family.
A homework assignment has a particularly interesting role beyond the teaching and learning process, since it may work as a mediating activity of integration between a school and a family, much needed in Inclusive Education. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of parents or other relatives responsible for students with physical disabilities in the accomplishment of the homework, considering the process of schooling in the context of Inclusive Education. The whole analysis aimed at identifying the conception of the participants about homework and school-family partnership, the conditions available for physical disability for a homework assignment and social attitudes towards inclusion. Fifteen families of children´s caregivers with physical disabilities insertions in Early Childhood Education and in the initial years of Elementary School took part in this study. The participants have been interviewed in their own homes in a city of São Paulo state. The following tools have been used for data collection: Characterization Sheet of the Family´s Participant, whose purpose is to collect information regarding to the participants, such as name, age, educational background, characterization of the child with physical disability, organization of the family routine in relation to execution of the homework of the child with physical disability, family routine, among other data; Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS - Brazilian version) that determines the best representative performance as abilities and limits in the gross motor function that the child presents; Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) that describes how the children use their hands for manipulate objects in daily activities; Viking Speech Scale (VSS), developed to classify children's speech production; Likert Scale of Social Attitudes in Relation to Inclusion (ELASI – in Portuguese), used to evaluate the social attitudes of family members in relation to inclusion and finally the Semi Structured Interview Roadmap, divided into two parts. Part 1 of the script had a purpose of identifying the family´s conception about homework assignment, the role of the school and the family in the child's schooling process, a collaborative partnership between school and family, and the role of the family without the child's help in household chores; also sought to identify a frequency and a way in which the homework were carried out in the home environment. Part 2 was intended to identify how as homework were integrated into the family routine of students with physical disability and how the participation of family members occurred, in addition to identify possible difficulties for the execution of the homework. The data were organized and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and further analysis were performed, providing comparisons based on the participant profile and the student with physical disability. The results suggested that the families well received the homework and even built conditions for their achievement by a child with physical disability. However, in order for a collaborative partnership between the school and the family to take place effectively for the benefit of the child's school learning, a more effective communication between the two parties may be necessary: the teacher must direct the family caregiver to adequately assist the homework accomplishment by the child with physical disability and need to receive information from the caregiver regarding any difficulties encountered by the child in the performance of each activity. The involvement of family caregivers in the accomplishment of the homework can be an important strategy both to promote a good academic performance of the student with physical disability and to create favorable conditions for the collaborative partnership between the school and the family.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Educação inclusiva, Educação especial, Deficiência física, Envolvimento familiar, Tarefa de casa, Inclusive education, Special education, Physical disability, Family involvement, Homework