Leishmaniose visceral na região de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo: distribuição espacial e rotas de dispersão
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Data
2017-08-08
Autores
D'Andrea, Lourdes Aparecida Zampieri [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A questão central desenvolvida na presente tese é uma abordagem integrada de elementos que envolvem as ações de vigilância e o controle da leishmaniose visceral (LV), relacionando dados e análise do mundo microbiológico ao conjunto de informações espaciais existentes sobre o tema. Teve como principal objetivo, avaliar a distribuição espacial dos casos humanos com LV notificados e relacioná-los com a infecção na população canina nos municípios pertencentes à Rede Regional de Atenção à Saúde – RRAS 11 de Presidente Prudente – SP e as rotas de dispersão do agente patógeno. Para isto, foram utilizados conhecimentos geoepidemiológicos e de ferramentas de geoprocessamento e análise espacial para analisar as rotas de disseminação dos agentes e da infecção da doença na população canina na área urbana e rural. O estudo foi desenvolvido nos 45 municípios da macrorregião de Presidente Prudente – SP, com base populacional, no delineamento transversal e na coleta de dados in locu. Para entender o contexto da área foi realizado: levantamento de dados secundários, que constitui a criação de bases cartográficas que tenham sido elencadas como explicativas do fenômeno estudado (LV), com base na bibliografia sobre o tema; identificação das espécies de Leishmania circulantes na população canina, discutindo-se fatores de risco individuais para soropositividade de Leishmania em cães em áreas urbanas e rurais, bem como avaliando a prevalência de LV canina em assentamentos rurais da Região de Saúde de Presidente Prudente – SP. Também foi estratificado áreas para LV humana e canina, segundo o risco epidemiológico, com base em mapas temáticos, análises espaciais e proposto um modelo preditivo de rotas de dispersão e fluxos de transmissão da LV na população humana e canina. Com base nesses resultados, foi possível identificar na RRAS 11 de Presidente Prudente três diferentes tipos de centros de dispersão da LV: core, eixo e borda e a necessidade de a política pública repensar o Programa de Vigilância e Controle da LV e estabelecer estratégias diferenciadas para cada tipo de centro de dispersão, visando a quebra da cadeia de transmissão da doença e/ou o retardo do processo de dispersão em território Paulista.
The central issue developed in this thesis is an integrated approach of elements that involve actions of surveillance and controlling of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL), relating data and analysis of the microbiological world to the set of spatial information on this subject. The main objective was to evaluate the spatial distribution of human cases with reported VL and to relate them to infection in the canine population in the municipalities belonging to the Regional Network of Health Care - RRAS 11 of Presidente Prudente - SP and the pathogen's routes of dispersion. Geoepidemiological knowledge, geoprocessing tools and spatial analysis were used to analyze the agents' routes of dissemination and the disease's infection in the canine population in urban and rural areas. The study was carried out in the 45 municipalities of macroregion of Presidente Prudente - SP, with population base, in the cross - sectional design and in locu data collection. To understand the context of the area, were carried out: secondary data collection, for the creation of cartographic bases that have been listed as explanatory of the phenomenon studied (VL), based on the bibliography on the subject; identification of the circulating Leishmania species in the canine population, discussing individual risk factors for Leishmania seropositivity in dogs in urban and rural areas, as well as evaluating the prevalence of canine VL in rural settlements of the Health Region of Presidente Prudente – SP. Areas for human and canine VL were also stratified, according to the epidemiological risk, based on thematic maps and spatial analyzes, and a predictive model of dispersion routes and VL transmission flows in the human population and Canine was proposed. Based on these results, in RRAS 11 of Presidente Prudente were identified three different types of VL dispersion centers: core, axis and border, and the need for public policy to rethink the VL Surveillance and Control Program and to establish differentiated strategies for each type of dispersion center, aiming at breaking the chain of transmission of the disease and / or delaying the dispersal process in the Sao Paulo state area.
The central issue developed in this thesis is an integrated approach of elements that involve actions of surveillance and controlling of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL), relating data and analysis of the microbiological world to the set of spatial information on this subject. The main objective was to evaluate the spatial distribution of human cases with reported VL and to relate them to infection in the canine population in the municipalities belonging to the Regional Network of Health Care - RRAS 11 of Presidente Prudente - SP and the pathogen's routes of dispersion. Geoepidemiological knowledge, geoprocessing tools and spatial analysis were used to analyze the agents' routes of dissemination and the disease's infection in the canine population in urban and rural areas. The study was carried out in the 45 municipalities of macroregion of Presidente Prudente - SP, with population base, in the cross - sectional design and in locu data collection. To understand the context of the area, were carried out: secondary data collection, for the creation of cartographic bases that have been listed as explanatory of the phenomenon studied (VL), based on the bibliography on the subject; identification of the circulating Leishmania species in the canine population, discussing individual risk factors for Leishmania seropositivity in dogs in urban and rural areas, as well as evaluating the prevalence of canine VL in rural settlements of the Health Region of Presidente Prudente – SP. Areas for human and canine VL were also stratified, according to the epidemiological risk, based on thematic maps and spatial analyzes, and a predictive model of dispersion routes and VL transmission flows in the human population and Canine was proposed. Based on these results, in RRAS 11 of Presidente Prudente were identified three different types of VL dispersion centers: core, axis and border, and the need for public policy to rethink the VL Surveillance and Control Program and to establish differentiated strategies for each type of dispersion center, aiming at breaking the chain of transmission of the disease and / or delaying the dispersal process in the Sao Paulo state area.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Distribuição espacial, Rotas de dispersão, Vigilância em saúde, Leishmaniose visceral, Spatial distribution, Visceral leishmaniasis, Routes of dispersal, Health surveillance