O ensino no ciclo alfabetização: a continuidade didática e a progressão do aprendizado
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Data
2016-10-07
Autores
Silva, Janaína de Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação focaliza o trabalho pedagógico realizado no 2º ano do ciclo alfabetização. A seleção deste momento do ensino fundamental como objeto de estudo deve-se ao enfoque e a continuidade do ensino para a progressão da alfabetização. Em pesquisa de campo, buscou-se focalizar a inserção da progressividade nas práticas pedagógicas e nos discursos dos professores. À luz do referencial teórico sobre a problemática do ensino em ciclos, a pesquisa foi realizada com 9 professoras, de 9 escolas municipais que lecionam no 2º ano do ensino fundamental em Limeira – SP. A escolha das escolas para a realização da pesquisa ocorreu com base nos resultados do ANA/2014, divulgados pelo INEP em 2015. Destas escolas, três apresentaram os maiores escores, três apresentaram os menores escores e três apresentaram os escores correspondentes ao desempenho mediano na ANA/2014. A seleção das professoras, foi feita por sorteio utilizando a tabela de Fisher e Yates (1957). A coleta de dados deu-se mediante observações de aulas e entrevistas com as professoras, (gravadas em áudio e transcritas). As observações foram registradas (em áudio e/ou diário de campo). Nos resultados obtidos destacam-se as diferenças quanto à abordagem dada à continuidade da aprendizagem e progressão no processo de alfabetização; práticas essas, que dariam concretude ao ensino em ciclo, preconizado pelo PNAIC. Nestes, destaca-se a ênfase dada pelo ensino às atividades correspondentes ao eixo curricular “análise linguística: aprendizagem do sistema de escrita” em detrimento dos eixos como leitura, e produção textual escrita.
This dissertation focuses on the pedagogical work conducted in the 2nd year of literacy education. The selection of this moment of elementary school, as study subject, is due to its focus and continuousness of the teaching for progressive literacy. Through a field research, we sought to focus on the inclusion of progressivity in the pedagogical practices and in the teachers’ lectures. Based on the theoretical framework on the issue of literacy education and education in cycles, the survey was conducted with nine female teachers who teach in the 2nd year of elementary school in the city of Limeira – SP, Brazil. The selection of the schools where the research took place, was based on the results of the National Literacy Assessment (ANA)/2014 released by the National Institute of Studies and Research (INEP) in 2015. Thus, a total of nine schools were selected, three presented the highest scores, three had the lowest scores and three had the scores corresponding to the average performance in the ANA/2014. For the teachers’ selection, we used the statistical table of Fisher and Yates (1957). Data collection was carried out through classroom observations (five consecutive academic days) and interviews with teachers (audio-recorded and transcribed). The results were audio-recorded or registered in a field diary. The obtained results reveal the differences regarding the approach towards continuous learning and progression in the literacy process; the application of such methods would give more concreteness to the teaching in stages, according to the current official curriculum guidelines (PNAIC). In these guidelines emphasis is given to teaching activities corresponding to the axis “linguistic analysis: learning of the writing system" rather than themes as reading and written production.
This dissertation focuses on the pedagogical work conducted in the 2nd year of literacy education. The selection of this moment of elementary school, as study subject, is due to its focus and continuousness of the teaching for progressive literacy. Through a field research, we sought to focus on the inclusion of progressivity in the pedagogical practices and in the teachers’ lectures. Based on the theoretical framework on the issue of literacy education and education in cycles, the survey was conducted with nine female teachers who teach in the 2nd year of elementary school in the city of Limeira – SP, Brazil. The selection of the schools where the research took place, was based on the results of the National Literacy Assessment (ANA)/2014 released by the National Institute of Studies and Research (INEP) in 2015. Thus, a total of nine schools were selected, three presented the highest scores, three had the lowest scores and three had the scores corresponding to the average performance in the ANA/2014. For the teachers’ selection, we used the statistical table of Fisher and Yates (1957). Data collection was carried out through classroom observations (five consecutive academic days) and interviews with teachers (audio-recorded and transcribed). The results were audio-recorded or registered in a field diary. The obtained results reveal the differences regarding the approach towards continuous learning and progression in the literacy process; the application of such methods would give more concreteness to the teaching in stages, according to the current official curriculum guidelines (PNAIC). In these guidelines emphasis is given to teaching activities corresponding to the axis “linguistic analysis: learning of the writing system" rather than themes as reading and written production.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino fundamental, Ciclo de alfabetização, Leitura e escrita, Progressão do aprendizado, PNAIC, Elementary school, Literacy education, Reading and writing, Learning progression