Algas marinhas Schizochytrium sp. na alimentação de ovinos : parâmetros ruminais, digestibilidade e produção de gases in vitro
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Data
2017-11-28
Autores
Rojas Meza, Diego Armando
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Alimentos ricos em ácidos graxos são utilizados na espécie ovina substituindo alimentos convencionais como soja e milho, e visam aumentar a eficiência no uso da energia por parte dos animais sem afetar negativamente os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o consumo, parâmetros ruminais e produção de calor pela ingestão de alimento em carneiros Santa Inês confinados, recebendo tratamentos sem e com inclusão de 2 e 4% de farinha de algas marinhas Schizochytrium sp. em substituição ao grão de milho moído, assim como a digestibilidade e produção de gases in vitro das dietas. Foram utilizados 6 carneiros castrados com 55,6 ± 5,2 kg de peso corporal, providos de cânula ruminal e alojados em baias individuais. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino duplo 3 x 3, tendo as dietas relação volumoso:concentrado 40:60, em que os tratamentos foram: controle D0, sem inclusão de farinha de algas marinhas; D2 e D4 contendo 2 e 4% de farinha de algas marinhas na matéria seca respectivamente, em substituição ao grão de milho moído. Cada período experimental teve duração de 21 dias com 14 dias de adaptação aos tratamentos e 7 dias de coleta. Os dados foram analisados por intermédio do Software R (versão 3.2.2), sendo as comparações das médias feitas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. A inclusão de farinha de algas marinhas nos teores 2 e 4% não afetou a produção de gases avaliada pela técnica in vitro (P>0,05) e a produção de calor avaliada por termografia infravermelha (P>0,05), quando comparadas com o tratamento controle. Os tratamentos avaliados foram semelhantes quanto à digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, dos nutrientes e parâmetros ruminais (pH e ácidos graxos de cadeia curta), e só diferiram (P<0,05) na digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos não fibrosos e na concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no liquido ruminal. Houve diferencia significativa (P<0,05) no consumo da matéria seca (1,14 para 0,86 kg/d), e dos nutrientes matéria orgânica (1,07 para 0,80 kg/d), carboidratos totais (0,86 para 0,64 kg/d), fibra em detergente neutro (0,38 para 0,31 kg/d), carboidratos não fibrosos (0,48 para 0,33 kg/d), proteína bruta (0,156 para 0,114 kg/d) e energia bruta (4,69 para 4,36 Mcal) entre os tratamentos D0 e D4 respectivamente. A inclusão da farinha de algas marinhas Schizochytrium sp. na dieta, em substituição ao grão de milho moído, não comprometeu os parâmetros ruminais e a produção de calor por ingestão de alimento, tampouco a produção de gases in vitro. Recomenda-se a utilização de farinha de algas marinhas na alimentação de carneiros Santa Inês confinados sob condições tropicais no teor de 2% sem afetar o consumo e digestibilidade in vitro das dietas. Trabalhos para avaliar desempenho, características da carcaça e da carne são necessários.
Foods rich in fatty acids has been used in replacement of conventional foods in sheep such as soybeans and corn, in order to increase efficiency energy in animals, without affecting ruminal fermentation parameters. This trial aimed to evaluate intake, ruminal parameters and heat production by feed intake in confined Santa Inês rams, receiving treatments without and with inclusion of 2 and 4% of marine algae Schizochytrium sp. meal, replacing ground corn grain, as well as in vitro digestibility and gas production. Six castrated rams with 55.6 ± 5.2 kg of body weight, provided with ruminal cannula, were confined in individual pens. The experimental design was double Latin square 3x3, where diets had a roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60, in which the treatments were: control D0, without marine algae meal inclusion; D2 and D4 containing 2 and 4% marine algae meal in dry matter respectively, replacing ground corn grain. Each experimental period had duration of 21 days, with 14 days of adaptation to treatments and 7 days of collection. The data were analyzed using R Software version 3.2.2 and comparison between treatments means made with Tukey test at 5% of significance. The inclusion of marine algae meal at levels of 2 and 4% did not affect total gas production evaluated by the in vitro technique (P>0.05) and heat production evaluated by the infrared thermography technique (P>0.05), when compared to control treatment. The treatments evaluated were similar in terms of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, nutrients and ruminal fermentation parameters (pH and short chain fatty acids), they only differed (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates digestibility and ammonia nitrogen concentration in ruminal liquor. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) for dry matter intake (1.14 to 0.86 kg/d), organic matter (1.07 to 0.80 kg/d), total carbohydrates (0.86 to 0.64 kg/d), neutral detergent fiber (0.38 to 0.31 kg/d), non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.48 to 0.33 kg/d), crude protein (0.156 to 0.114 kg/d) and crude energy (4.69 to 4.36 Mcal) between treatments D0 and D4 respectively. The inclusion of marine algae Schizochytrium sp. meal in the diet, replacing the ground corn grain, did not affect the ruminal parameters and the heat production by food ingestion, like the in vitro gas production. It is recommended the use of marine algae meal in feed of Santa Inês sheep confined under tropical conditions at 2% content without affecting dry matter intake and in vitro digestibility of diets. Researches to evaluate performance, carcass and meat characteristics are necessary.
Foods rich in fatty acids has been used in replacement of conventional foods in sheep such as soybeans and corn, in order to increase efficiency energy in animals, without affecting ruminal fermentation parameters. This trial aimed to evaluate intake, ruminal parameters and heat production by feed intake in confined Santa Inês rams, receiving treatments without and with inclusion of 2 and 4% of marine algae Schizochytrium sp. meal, replacing ground corn grain, as well as in vitro digestibility and gas production. Six castrated rams with 55.6 ± 5.2 kg of body weight, provided with ruminal cannula, were confined in individual pens. The experimental design was double Latin square 3x3, where diets had a roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60, in which the treatments were: control D0, without marine algae meal inclusion; D2 and D4 containing 2 and 4% marine algae meal in dry matter respectively, replacing ground corn grain. Each experimental period had duration of 21 days, with 14 days of adaptation to treatments and 7 days of collection. The data were analyzed using R Software version 3.2.2 and comparison between treatments means made with Tukey test at 5% of significance. The inclusion of marine algae meal at levels of 2 and 4% did not affect total gas production evaluated by the in vitro technique (P>0.05) and heat production evaluated by the infrared thermography technique (P>0.05), when compared to control treatment. The treatments evaluated were similar in terms of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, nutrients and ruminal fermentation parameters (pH and short chain fatty acids), they only differed (P<0.05) in neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates digestibility and ammonia nitrogen concentration in ruminal liquor. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) for dry matter intake (1.14 to 0.86 kg/d), organic matter (1.07 to 0.80 kg/d), total carbohydrates (0.86 to 0.64 kg/d), neutral detergent fiber (0.38 to 0.31 kg/d), non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.48 to 0.33 kg/d), crude protein (0.156 to 0.114 kg/d) and crude energy (4.69 to 4.36 Mcal) between treatments D0 and D4 respectively. The inclusion of marine algae Schizochytrium sp. meal in the diet, replacing the ground corn grain, did not affect the ruminal parameters and the heat production by food ingestion, like the in vitro gas production. It is recommended the use of marine algae meal in feed of Santa Inês sheep confined under tropical conditions at 2% content without affecting dry matter intake and in vitro digestibility of diets. Researches to evaluate performance, carcass and meat characteristics are necessary.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ácidos graxos, Fermentação ruminal, Metabolismo, Produção de calor, Santa Inês, Termografia infravermelha, Fatty acids, Heat production, Infrared thermography, Metabolism, Ruminal fermentation