Diversidade e estrutura funcional de comunidades microbianas presentes na água de uma cava e lagoa de rejeitos de uma região mineradora desativada
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Data
2018-01-29
Autores
Constancio, Milena Tavares Lima
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O interesse no estudo de comunidades microbianas de ambientes pouco avaliados, impactados e/ou extremos tem aumentado significativamente. Dentre os ambientes estudados, encontram-se as águas residuais de áreas de mineração. Com o grande número de cavas e lagoas de rejeitos gerados através da atividade mineradora e o pouco estudo deste tema no Brasil, foi desenvolvido este trabalho, onde avaliamos a taxonomia e capacidade funcional da comunidade microbiana. As amostras de água foram coletadas de uma cava de mineração e uma lagoa de rejeitos de uma região anteriormente utilizada para extração de minério de ferro no Centro de Biodiversidade (CeBio) da empresa VALE/SA, em Sabará/MG. Análises do perfil de atividade metabólica indicaram um excelente desempenho quanto à degradação de diferentes compostos. Além disso, o isolamento com métodos tradicionais de cultivo mostrou que algumas bactérias apresentam capacidade em produzir diferentes enzimas de interesse biotecnológico. O DNA foi extraído e sequenciado através de técnicas metagenômicas, o sequenciamento do gene de 16S rRNA foi realizado na plataforma Ion PGM™. Esta análise, além de revelar a taxonomia da comunidade presente na água da cava e lagoa, identificou o perfil funcional indicando enriquecimento de subsistemas importantes para ambas as amostras. Adicionalmente para a água da cava de mineração, foi realizado o sequenciamento do DNA total na plataforma Ion Proton™, que através de análises com o banco de dados SEED revelou genes associados à manutenção celular e ao ciclo do nitrogênio, sugerindo que a comunidade microbiana está bem adaptada ao processo de recuperação da área. Além disso, as ORfs preditas do metagenoma foram utilizadas para uma análise no banco de dados BacMet, que revelou uma abundância de genes relacionados a resistência a metais. Assim, nossos dados expandem os conhecimentos sobre a estrutura e capacidade funcional das comunidades microbianas de ambientes aquáticos impactados, fornecendo uma melhor compreensão do papel dos micro-organismos em processos de remediação natural.
The interest in the study of microbial communities of low evaluated, impacted or extreme environments has increased significantly. Among the studied environments, there is the wastewater from mining areas. Due to the large number of reject pits and lagoons generated by the mining activity and the lack of study of this theme in Brazil, this study was developed to evaluate the taxonomy and functional capacity of the microbial community. The water samples were collected from a mining pit and a reject lagoon from a region formerly used for iron extraction at the Biodiversity Center (CeBio) from VALE/SA, in Sabará/MG. Analyzes of the metabolic activity profile indicated an excellent performance regarding the degradation of different compounds. Moreover, the isolation with traditional methods of culture showed that some bacteria have the capacity to produce different enzymes of biotechnological interest. The DNA was extracted and sequenced using metagenomic techniques, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the Ion PGM™ platform. This analysis, in addition to revealing the taxonomy of the community present in the water of the pit and the lagoon, identified the functional profile indicating enrichment of important subsystems for the studied samples. In addition to the water from the mining pit, the total DNA sequencing was carried out on the ION Proton™ platform, which, through analysis with the SEED database, revealed genes associated with cell maintenance and the nitrogen cycle, suggesting that the microbial community is well adapted to the recovery process of the area. Also, the predicted ORfs from metagenomic were used for an analysis in the BacMet database that revealed an abundance of genes related to resistance to metals. Thus, our data expand the knowledge about the structure and functional capacity of microbial communities in impacted aquatic environments, providing a better understanding of the role of microorganisms in natural remediation processes.
The interest in the study of microbial communities of low evaluated, impacted or extreme environments has increased significantly. Among the studied environments, there is the wastewater from mining areas. Due to the large number of reject pits and lagoons generated by the mining activity and the lack of study of this theme in Brazil, this study was developed to evaluate the taxonomy and functional capacity of the microbial community. The water samples were collected from a mining pit and a reject lagoon from a region formerly used for iron extraction at the Biodiversity Center (CeBio) from VALE/SA, in Sabará/MG. Analyzes of the metabolic activity profile indicated an excellent performance regarding the degradation of different compounds. Moreover, the isolation with traditional methods of culture showed that some bacteria have the capacity to produce different enzymes of biotechnological interest. The DNA was extracted and sequenced using metagenomic techniques, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on the Ion PGM™ platform. This analysis, in addition to revealing the taxonomy of the community present in the water of the pit and the lagoon, identified the functional profile indicating enrichment of important subsystems for the studied samples. In addition to the water from the mining pit, the total DNA sequencing was carried out on the ION Proton™ platform, which, through analysis with the SEED database, revealed genes associated with cell maintenance and the nitrogen cycle, suggesting that the microbial community is well adapted to the recovery process of the area. Also, the predicted ORfs from metagenomic were used for an analysis in the BacMet database that revealed an abundance of genes related to resistance to metals. Thus, our data expand the knowledge about the structure and functional capacity of microbial communities in impacted aquatic environments, providing a better understanding of the role of microorganisms in natural remediation processes.
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Palavras-chave
biolog ecoplate, metagenômica de água, mineração de ferro, metagenomics water, iron mining